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臺灣西南海域台南盆地F構造及鄰近區域之油氣生成移棲模式研究

Hydrocarbon Generation and Migration in the F-Structure and Adjacent Area, Taiwan Basin, Southwestern Offshore Taiwan

摘要


本研究綜合生油岩評估、油氣分析及油氣源岩對比等地球化學資料,探討臺灣西南海域的油氣生成移聚模式,研究結果顯示有下列三套生儲蓋組合: 1. 下部中新統頁岩生成的油氣儲聚於該層頁岩中所夾的砂層。此系統的生油岩為近成熟-成熟,蓋層普遍存在,儲油氣砂岩的存在和分佈是探勘重點。 2. 下部中新統頁岩及漸新統NP25頁岩生成的油氣向下或側排放進入致昌層砂岩,再於砂岩層內沿不整合面,斷層帶、裂縫帶向上移棲進入良好而有封閉的儲集層,如NP24致昌層良好砂層或裂縫發達的白堊系,F構造、S構造及G構造發現的油氣均屬於此系統,是台南盆地目前所發現最重要的石油系統。本系統以下部中新統-漸新統廣泛分佈而巨厚的頁岩為區域性蓋層及生油岩,生油岩層於埋藏較深處,成熟度較高,油氣轉換率較高,生成的油氣較豐富,為較具油氣生成潛能的生油中心,此包括台南盆地北部凹陷及中央隆起帶上埋藏較深的局部凹陷,其生成的油氣可就近移聚於鄰近的儲集砂層中,因此鄰近北部凹陷及中央隆起帶上第三系埋藏較深較厚處的地區是重要的探勘目標。 3. 先第三系生油岩層包括白堊系及侏羅系,為中度至高度成熟階段,其油氣生成移聚受不整合面影響甚鉅,大部份的油氣可能在不整合面發生之前即已生成,並往構造高區移聚,不整合面期間所發生的構造運動和地層侵蝕可能嚴重破壞油氣藏的保存,不整合面之後的沈積因成熟度未能使生油岩中殘餘的有機質再度大量生成油氣,油生成潛能有限,因此油氣探勘應是找尋原來保存在構造高區的古油氣藏,,完整而未遭受破壞的古構造高區是主要的探勘目標。目前尚未鑽獲此套石油系統之油氣。 上述三套模式中,第三系生油岩的油氣已證實鑽獲,而中生界的探勘由於地層深,構造解析不易,探勘風險較高,因此由地化觀點應以第三系為主要探勘目標,中生界為未來長期目標。

並列摘要


Geochemical studies, including Source rock evaluation, oil and gas characterization and correlation, indicate that three petroleum systems are present in the southwestern offshore area of Taiwan. The first includes hydrocarbons generated from the marginal mature Lower Miocene source rock and accumulated in the Lower Miocene sandstone reservoir. The second includes the hydrocarbons generated from the mature Lower Miocene-Upper Oligocene (NP25) shale and migrated through the unconformity and fault zones into the sandstone and fractured reservoirs of Upper Oligocene or Cretaceous along the Mesozoic-Tertiary unconformity. Most hydrocarbons recovered so far in the offshore Tainan Basin are of this petroleum system. Possible Source rocks of Mesozoic including Cretaceous and Jurassic are inferred for the third speculative petroleum system. Among these three petroleum systems, the second one will be the most important exploration target at present. The speculative petroleum system of Mesozoic remains to be studied further for the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation.

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