利用離子化合物特性改善傳統強酸性觸媒之應用技術

Improvement on the Utilization of Conventional Strong Acid Catalyst Using Ionic Compound Properties

吳榮宗(Jung-Chung Wu) ； 黃銘郁(Ming-Yu Huang) ； 林建琛(Jann-Chen Lin) ； 張仁俊(Jen-Chun Chang)

《石油季刊》 46卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 21-33

https://doi.org/10.30128/JP.201009.0002

摘要

傳統強酸性觸媒，雖可成功地應用於煉油、石化及特化等催化製程，但皆有其不易克服之困難，如HF具有毒性，AlCl3有廢鹼液處理問題，H2SO4則有設備腐蝕及廢酸處理問題，因此工業界乃努力尋求其它固態酸觸媒，期能取代傳統使用之酸觸媒。異多體酸除可克服腐蝕及污染問題之外，又能保持低溫活性之優點，但負載型異多體酸仍有溶解流失問題，此缺點可利用特殊之兩性化合物與異多體酸作用，形成具有強附着力之離子固體異多體酸，可有效應用於碳氫化合物之反應，另外為解決異多體酸溶水性問題，可將HPA錨碇在高分子離子化合物上，可有效應用於醚化及酯化反應。近年來酸性離子液體亦已逐漸發展成一種新的催化反應系統，由於其不具揮發性，因此在工業製程上有相當大之優勢，可以利用蒸餾法或分層法來分離產物，酸性離子液體可以是路易士(Lewis)酸或布倫斯特(Bronsted)酸，前者為水敏感型，後者為水穩定型。未來在綠色催化反應上，酸性離子液體觸媒將會逐漸扮演更重要之角色。

關鍵字

酸性離子液體 ； 路易士酸 ； 布倫斯特酸 ； 異多體酸 ； 離子固體異多體酸

並列摘要

The conventional strong liquid acid catalysts have been used successfully for a lot of catalytic processes in the refining, petrochemical and speciality chemical industries. However, the toxic pollution of HF, caustic waste treatment of AlCl3, and facility corrosion of H2SO4 still have problems remained to be overcomed. Recently, some of the solid acid and superacid catalysts were developed for the replacement of conventional liquid acid catalysts. The utilization of solid acid catalyst brings the improvement in corrosion and environmental problems, however, it also diminishes the benefit of higher activities from liquid acid catalyst. For the consideration of homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysis, heteropoly acid (HPA) and its salt could be used in the industrial acidic catalytic processes, and the recent progress in supported HPA catalyst makes it a potential solid acid catalyst in the future. The ionic solid heteropoly acid catalysts with higher adhesive properties were prepared by the reaction of zwitterion (PPS) and HPA. The HPA could also be anchored on the polymer having pyridine hydrogen chloride group. Due to the benefit on the product separation, bronsted acid ionic liquid (IL) and Lewis acid IL are used widely and effectively for the catalytic green processes.

並列關鍵字

Acidic Ionic Liquid ； Bronsted Acid ； Lewis Acid ； Heteropoly Acid ； Ionic Solid HPA