從口述歷史中滇緬邊區游擊隊與鴉片、馬幫之關係(1950-1961)

The Relationship the Yunnan-Burma Border Area Guerrillas and Opium and the Ma Gang in Oral History

段承恩(Cheng-En Tuan)

《中國歷史學會史學集刊》 36期 (2004/07) Pp. 285-314

https://doi.org/10.29976/BHARC.200407.0007

摘要

滇緬邊區游擊隊（以下簡稱游擊隊）1961年自緬甸撒軍回台，即背負著販賣鴉片的惡名，但事實是否真是如此，則眾說紛紜，本篇文章即是藉由口述歷史，來對這問題作一探討，以使史實能以完整面貌呈現。游擊隊於1949年，自中國大陸退守到緬甸，再當時完全沒有任何奧援下，以孤軍之力對抗緬甸政府軍，在大其力之戰，幸有賴馬幫的協助得以打勝，並在緬甸存活下來，爾後在中華民國政府及美方「西方公司」的支持下，得到軍需物資的運補，但皆為杯水車薪，因此不得不另外爭取財源，游擊隊的防駐區，正好是在緬甸、泰國、寮國三地交界的金三角地帶，亦就是舉事聞名的毒品鴉片產區，既要擴充軍需，又需一本萬利之生意，為求游擊隊生存，而與毒品搭扯上線。游擊隊是以「反共復國」為職志，因此在鴉片販運方面即交由馬幫代為運送，並藉以收取過路費，以增補游擊隊所需。在各種資料顯示下，游擊隊與鴉片、馬幫之間關係是錯綜複雜的。游擊隊需要鴉片以獲得軍需及日常生活的供給，而馬幫提供搬運鴉片與補給游擊隊日常所需，游擊隊則給予馬幫保護，使其順利完成運補工作，三者實則互利共生，缺一不可。

關鍵字

滇緬邊區游擊隊 ； 馬幫 ； 鴉片 ； 龍雲 ； 李彌 ； 金三角

並列摘要

The Yunnan-Burma border area guerrillas (below the guerillas”) withdrew from Burma in 1961 and returned to Taiwan, bringing with them notoriety as opium sellers. However, there are differing opinions as to whether or not they actually sold opium. This paper seeks to investigate this question through oral history so that the whole truth can be revealed. The guerrillas retreated to Burma in 1949 and, without any support, fought as an isolated force against the Burmese government army. Fortunately, the guerrillas were able to win the battle of Daqili with the assistance of the Ma Gang and were able to survive in Burma. Later, with support from the ROC government and ”America Co.” they received supplies, however, these were totally insufficient and so the guerillas were forced to look for sources of income. The area where the guerrillas were based was the Golden Triangle, where the borders of Burma, Thailand and Laos meet, the famous opium production area. The guerrillas needed to increase military supplies and to find a business where investment was minimal and profits large, consequently, for the survival of the force, the guerrillas entered the opium business. The guerrillas saw their duty as ”Opposing the Communists and reclaiming the homeland”, so they passed on responsibility for transporting the opium to the Ma Gang and charged them a passage tax, allowing more supplies to be bought. Various data shows that the relationship between the guerrillas and the Ma Gang and opium was very complex. The guerrillas needed opium to buy military supplies and daily necessities, the Ma Gang transported the opium and supplied the guerillas with their daily necessities and the Ma Gang was protected by the guerrillas, allowing them to smoothly complete the transportation of the opium. The three existed in a mutually beneficial coexisting relationship, with each of the three indispensable.

並列關鍵字

Yunnan-Burma border area guerrillas ； Ma Gang ； opium ； Lung Yun ； Li Mi ； Golden Triangle

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