西屬前期（1571－1630）馬尼拉華人社會形成與變化

本文旨在研究16世紀末至17世紀中期，西班牙殖民菲島初期馬尼拉華人社會的形成與變化。西人統治菲島之始即仰賴華人解決物資不足的問題，但隨著華人移民日漸增多，也令當局產生疑懼的心理，因而發生多次的屠殺行動。另一方面，在宗教政策實施下，華人改信天主教則成為辨識其忠誠度的依據，為了吸引華人接受天主教，殖民政府祭出多項的優惠待遇。這不但貫徹了西班牙海外傳教的本質，也加強華人定居菲島的意願。由於華人天主教徒允許和土著婦女通婚，加上他們所生的後代—「華菲混血人（Sangley Mestizos）」組成了華人天主教家庭。後來，殖民當局有鑑於人數日漸增多，乃將其與非教徒的華人隔離，因此形成了信教和未信教的兩個華人社會。特別值得留意是，華菲混血人到了19世紀末的民族運動中已成為關鍵分子，從本文所探討的成因來看，也是西班牙殖民政府實施宗教政策的結果。

關鍵字

八連；華菲混血人；馬尼拉華人；比農多

並列摘要

This paper is to study the formation and change of the Chinese community in Philippine during the early period of Spanish colonization between the end of the 16(superscript th) century and the mid-17(superscript th) century. In the beginning of the colonization, the Spanish depended on the Chinese to solve the problem of resources shortage. However, with the increasing number of the Chinese immigrants, the Spanish started to feel frightened so that a series of periodical massacres occurred. Besides, forcing the Chinese to accept Catholicism was another tally to identify the Chinese loyalty. Once the Chinese believed in Catholicism, they could hold several favorable treatments. This method not only carried out the purpose of Spanish oversea preach but also attracted the Chinese willingness to settle down in Philippine. The so-called ”Sangley-Mestizo” was the result of the marriage between the Chinese Catholics and the aboriginal women, as well as the Spanish religious policy of oversea preach. Under the practice of the religious policy, two kinds of Chinese community formed, religious and non-religious, which caused the change of the Chinese community. Above all, Sangley-Mestizos from the religious Chinese were closely related to racial independence campaigns afterwards.