鬼子母在中國－從考古資料探索其圖像的起源與變遷

A Study of the Origin and Development of the Representation of Hariti in the Chinese Tradition

謝明良(Ming-Liang Hsieh)

《國立臺灣大學美術史研究集刊》 27期 (2009/09) Pp. 107-156+232

https://doi.org/10.6541/TJAH.2009.09.27.02

摘要

本文試著從文獻資料著手探討鬼子母圖像在中國的起源和流變。初步認為山東東漢畫像石所見九子母像可能即「魯之母師」，而後者不排除又和印度的「鬼子母」有涉。其次，河南東漢墓出土施罩鉛綠釉的九子式「人形燈」，其圖像也有可能和犍陀羅的訶利帝雕像有關。另外，本文還討論了三國時期南方青瓷堆塑罐上的抱子圖像，認為其或可能是和東漢九子式人形燈圖像具相近意涵的南方區域製品。

關鍵字

鬼子母 ； 九子母 ； 魯之母師 ； 半支迦 ； 摩訶迦羅

並列摘要

In this paper the author undertakes the task of tracing the origin and development of the representation of Hariti in the Chinese tradition, using the various written records. The research begins by proposing that what is usually identified as the goddess Jiuzimu may in fact be a representation of the Mother-Teacher of Lu, while not precluding the possibility that the latter is also related to the Indian goddess Hariti. Secondly, it is suggested that a green lead glazed human-shaped lamp accompanied by nine children, unearthed in an Eastern Han tomb in Henan province, may have a connection to the representation of Hariti in Gandharan art. Finally, the article discusses an embossed design of a figure holding children, discovered on the surface of the Three Kingdom period celadon funerary jar, arguing that this image could share a common origin with the Eastern Han lamp found in Henan, and may therefore also belong to the southern artistic tradition.

並列關鍵字

Hariti ； Jiuzimu ； Mother-Teacher of Lu ； Pancika ； Mahakala