機動車事故與台灣城鄉平均餘命差距之相關分析

Analysis of the Association of Urban/Rural Gap between Motor Vehicle Accidents and Life Expectancy in Taiwan

鍾文慎(Wen-Shen Isabella Chung) ； 蔡善璞(Shan-Pou Tsai) ； 蔡旻光(Ming-Kwang Tsai) ； 溫啟邦(Chi-Pang Wen)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 29卷3期 (2010/06) Pp. 261-272

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2010-29-03-09

摘要

Objectives: To explore the differential impact of urban and rural areas on motor vehicle accidents (MVA) and life expectancy in Taiwan. Methods: Data for population, death registration, income, and motor vehicle registration were acquired from the government. Life expectancy (LX) and its gains after MVA deaths were eliminated were calculated for Taiwan as a whole and for each city and county. Stepwise Regression Models were used to examine the association of MVA with the gap in LX. Results: Residents in most of the rural areas had a shorter LX, ranging from 71.6 to 77.6 years, than did urban residents whose LX ranged from 76.9 to 80.8 years. MVA mortality contributed 4.0% to 16.2% of the gaps in LX between Taipei City and each of the counties or cities. The impact of MVA on LX ranged from 0.6 to 1.1 years in rural areas and from 0.2 to 0.5 years in urban areas. MVA mortality was significantly negatively correlated with life expectancy (r=-0.87, p＜0.01) and influenced the gaps in LX (Partial R^2=0.75, p＜0.0001). Urbanization was the most important factor in reducing MVA mortality (Partial R^2=0.66, p＜0.0001) and heavy motorcycle was the only significantly influential motor vehicle on MVA mortality (Partial R^2=0.03, p＜0.0001). Conclusions: Motor vehicle accidents were responsible for the worsening health disparity between urban and rural areas in Taiwan. The rural suffered a higher impact from motor vehicle density and its associated accidents on life expectancy than their urban counterparts. Reducing motor vehicle accidents would most benefit the life expectancy of populations in rural areas.

關鍵字

機動車事故死亡率 ； 平均餘命

並列摘要

Objectives: To explore the differential impact of urban and rural areas on motor vehicle accidents (MVA) and life expectancy in Taiwan. Methods: Data for population, death registration, income, and motor vehicle registration were acquired from the government. Life expectancy (LX) and its gains after MVA deaths were eliminated were calculated for Taiwan as a whole and for each city and county. Stepwise Regression Models were used to examine the association of MVA with the gap in LX. Results: Residents in most of the rural areas had a shorter LX, ranging from 71.6 to 77.6 years, than did urban residents whose LX ranged from 76.9 to 80.8 years. MVA mortality contributed 4.0% to 16.2% of the gaps in LX between Taipei City and each of the counties or cities. The impact of MVA on LX ranged from 0.6 to 1.1 years in rural areas and from 0.2 to 0.5 years in urban areas. MVA mortality was significantly negatively correlated with life expectancy (r=-0.87, p＜0.01) and influenced the gaps in LX (Partial R^2=0.75, p＜0.0001). Urbanization was the most important factor in reducing MVA mortality (Partial R^2=0.66, p＜0.0001) and heavy motorcycle was the only significantly influential motor vehicle on MVA mortality (Partial R^2=0.03, p＜0.0001). Conclusions: Motor vehicle accidents were responsible for the worsening health disparity between urban and rural areas in Taiwan. The rural suffered a higher impact from motor vehicle density and its associated accidents on life expectancy than their urban counterparts. Reducing motor vehicle accidents would most benefit the life expectancy of populations in rural areas.

並列關鍵字

motor vehicle accident ； life expectancy

參考文獻

Peden, M(ed),Scurfield, R(ed),Sleet, D(ed)(2004).World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention.Geneva:WHO.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Motor vehicle safety, 2009. Available at: http://www.cdc. gov/Motorvehiclesafety/index.html. Accessed March5, 2009.

WHO. Road safety: a public health issue. Availableat: http://www.who.int/features/2004/road_safety/en/ index.html. Accessed April 14, 2009.

The World Bank(2008).2005 International Comparison Program: Tables of Final Results.Washington, DC:The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.

FTSE. Country classification, May 2008 Update. Available at: http://ftse.com/Indices/Country_Classification/Downloads/FTSE_Country_Classification_May_08_Update.pdf. Accessed April 10,2009.