轉型期中國地方政府角色的特性與環境治理績效問題

The Characteristics of the Role of China Local Government and the Environmental Performance Issue in Transition Period

郭忠義(Zhong-Yi Guo)

《法政學報》 25期 (2013/12) Pp. 101-117

摘要

近年來，中國政府實行了一係列具體的環境治理政策和行政舉措，取得了一定的成效，但總體績效仍不盡人意，是為環境治理績效問題。問題產生的重要原因在於地方政府的雙重角色的動態失衡。作為“轉型期政府”的地方政府，不僅要擔當獨立於經濟過程之外的公共權力主體角色，還要擔當引領經濟過程、參與經濟過程的市場經濟主體角色。中央政府的激勵制度的和地方政府間競爭，導致了地方政府公司化傾向和公權代理人角色的淡化，必然出現環境治理績效問題。因此，在激勵制度、監督制度、財政制度改革中，強化地方政府的公共權力代理人角色，在地方政府行政過程中突出生態環境的價值，淡化經濟指標的權重，並建立相應的全社會參與的環境治理監督機制，是提高地方政府環境治理績效的重要途徑。

關鍵字

地方政府 ； 轉型期政府 ； 政府角色 ； 環境治理績效問題

並列摘要

In recent years, government departments in China have implemented a number of specific policies and administrative initiatives on environmental governance. Those efforts were effective, but the improvement is far from being satisfactory, which was called the environmental performance issue in this paper. The reason of such a problem lies in the dynamic imbalance of the dual roles of local government. Being a ＂Transition Government＂, local government not only have to play a principal part of the independent public authority, but also have to play a principal part of the economic process to lead the market economies. Drove by the incentive system of the Central Government and intergovernmental competition, a local government is acting more like a company rather than a role of public authority agent, which foredoomed to cause the environmental performance issue. Therefore, during the reform of the incentive system, monitoring system and financial system, local government should highlight the role of public authority agent, strengthen the value of ecological environment in the administrative process, and downplay the importance of economic indicators in the same time, which are important ways to improve the environmental performance of local government. Also, the appropriate community participation in environmental governance monitoring mechanisms is needed.

並列關鍵字

local government ； transition government ； role of government ； the environmental performance issues