晚明畫論、畫史中所見的浙派

The Aesthetic Criticism on Zhe School in 16th Century

程君颙(Jun-Yung Cheng)

《輔仁歷史學報》 11期 (2000/06) Pp. 97-132

摘要

明代文人介紹當代畫家與畫風時，嘉靖以前並沒有出現所謂派別之說，而且即使評論家面對部份不喜愛的作品，他們雖然會加以嚴厲的批判，但還不致於形成毀謗性的言論。到了萬曆年間，這個情況出現了相當大的轉變，評論繪畫風格的文字對於來自閩浙的畫家，以及盛行於閩浙地區的繪畫風格，採取極力詆毀的態度，由抨擊閩浙的畫風爲「習氣惡派」，以邪惡自之，日後更冠上「浙派」的名義，並認爲這一畫派風格勢將如禪宗北派，樣，日薄西山，衣缽塵土。本文所要探討的，即是晚明對浙派評價的轉變，及浙派本身的發展。

關鍵字

浙派 ； 習氣惡派 ； 吳門畫派 ； 明末

並列摘要

Before 16th century, the introduction on the painting style of painters in many different places, there were not given a name like ”school” or ”party”, and although there were some popular styles with the art market, there still didn't get a predominant form in the wave of art performance. But just on the period of late Ming, the critics were getting more and more intolerance about the painting style of the painters from the Zhejian(浙江) and Fukian(福建). They named the style as an ”evil” school, and if the gentry or literati painters followed with the style, the critical writers predicted that they would be evil just like their paintings. On the other hand, the literati, or scholar painters, tried to find out the painting style, which could show the way that they could follow with, and except made themselves relax, the ”righteous” school could also help the literati study the way of ”Tao”(道). This paper is focused on the transition of criticism on the ”evil school”----the school of Min-Zhe(閩浙).

並列關鍵字

Zhe School ； evil schooh ； Wu-mun School ； Late Ming