輿圖史與接受史中的海國與大地－清季世界新圖之分型

中國歷史本身的世界疆域觀在明代以前固然也有著來自域外的接觸，但這些都不及明代萬曆年間西方傳教士入華所帶來的歐洲世界新圖與新世界觀更令中國的士人驚異。利瑪竇（Matteo Ricci）自麻六甲啟程而至澳門（Macau）登陸、續至兩廣首府肇慶初始，帶來的不止是歐洲對亞洲及中國尚不熟悉的世界地圖，更重要的是他繪製了以中國作為零度經線中心繪法的世界第一幅漢文說解版的世界地圖。當利氏的世界新圖在中國境內傳播之時，也就是對於新世界觀接受史的開始。與此同時，羅明堅（Michel Ruggieri）也將歐洲人所完全不熟悉的中國輿地全圖帶入西方世界，使得歐洲人的世界地圖中不斷顯現對中國的視野的新、舊觀間的變化。這是一段中西兩方雙向的互文性與互影響的歷史交錯，研究任何一方都不能忽視另一個國度的隱性影響的歷史存在。當一種域外新知進入時，文化視域與世界的重新想像與再度重組建構，本文試圖從利瑪竇以迄清中葉的輿圖史脈，考察魏源《海國圖志》成書中的歷史性，以及自稱「海國」的「域外」模式；與此相對，則是與其書同時代問世的葉子佩之《萬國大地全圖》的「大地之中」模式；「海國」與「大地」、「世界之東亞」與「世界之中」，正形成一可資比較之兩型。

關鍵字

魏源；葉子佩；世界新圖；新世界觀；域外模式/海國圖志；中國在世界之中模式/萬國大地全圖

並列摘要

The history of China's own view of the world's territory while before the Ming Dynasty also have come from outside contact, but these are not, and the duration of Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty Western missionaries brought into the world's new maps of Europe with a new vision of the world even more surprised China's scholars. Matteo Ricci from Malacca started on a journey, but to Macau debarkation, continued to Guangdong and Zhaoqing, brought the world maps from Europe which was not familiar with Asia and China. More importantly he drew up the first zero degree warp center through China on the map and written in Chinese. When Matteo Ricci's new world maps in Chinese territory at the time of dissemination, that was, the beginning of acceptation of new world view. At the same time, Michel Ruggieril introduced the Chinese map, totally unfamiliar with the Europeans, into the Western world. The Europeans continued to show a map of the world in the vision of China's old and new concept of inter-changes. This is a two-way Western Intertextuality and the history of mutual influences staggered, research should not ignore either side of the recessive impact of another country's history there.This paper attempted to propose some new points from re-searching Matteo Ricci's maps of the history to re-viewing the historical context of Wei Yuan's ”Haiguo Tuzhi”. Wei Yuan self-proclaimed ”Maritime country” of ”extraterritorial” model in Late Ching; with this relative, then instead of another historical text were available from the same period Yeh Tse Pei's ”Wan-guoa-da-di-chuan-tu” of ”the center of the whole Earth” model; that means ”the Marintime country” and ”the whole Earth” can be compared into two models.