1949－1952年羅馬教廷面對「兩個中國」問題形成之看法與因應之道

當1949年10月1日中共政權在北京成立時，南京政府的軍隊尚在南方陷入與共軍纏鬥的戰爭泥淖中，自此，複雜的「兩個中國」問題在所有與中國建交的邦交國中，便成為一個兩難的問題。此時，幾乎所有駐在首都南京的外國使館因戰亂而紛紛撤館，西方國家使節也陸續離開中國大陸，並隨蔣中正領導的南京政府與軍隊來到臺灣，羅馬教廷駐華公使館卻成為少數滯留在南京的駐華使館。教廷對新中國的立場也就更加吸引世人的注意。本研究的時間點始於中華人民共和國成立，至教廷駐華的黎培里公使於1952年10月將公使館「重設」於臺北為止。主要探討焦點，在於關注教廷面對此一高度敏感與棘手的問題時所持之態度與立場的轉變過程。本研究架構鋪陳，先以簡要的方式描述教廷對共產主義在國際政治舞台上擴展之立場，再進一步分析教廷對中國大陸政治局勢之演變，以及在面臨「兩個中國」的問題時，思考以外交途徑尋求可能的解決之道。教廷、臺北和北京當局三方的互動是本論文觀察的重點，以探討在這段期間內，教廷面對「兩個中國」問題時的外交作為，以及黎培里的角色與重要性。

關鍵字

教廷外交；黎培里；「兩個中國」問題；中梵關係；教廷駐華公使館

並列摘要

While the Communist regime declared the establishment of the People's Republic of China in Beijing on October 1st 1949, the Nationalist government still got caught in difficult battles with its rivals in the south of the mainland. The ”Two Chinas” problem became then a complex one in the field of the international law and raised a dilemma to the countries which ever established diplomatic relations with China until that date. Almost all of the diplomatic delegations leave the former capital, Nanjing, and followed the refuge of the ROC's regime to Taipei. Nervertheless, the internunciature was still unmoved in spite of the flux of the massive evacuation. The position of the Holy See towards the New China attracted attention of the world.The study is situated during the period up from the establishment of the PRC to the ”re-establishment” of the internunciature by the internuncio, Mgr Antonio Riberi, in Taipei on October 1952. It highlights the evolution of the attitude and position of the Holy See towards the highly sensitive and thorny problem. Its structure is started with a brief description on His position with regard to the expansion of the communism on the scene of international politics. An analysis will be undertaken on His observations upon the evolution of the chaotic situation of mainland China and furthermore, on His reflexions vis-à-vis at the possibility in pursuit of eventual solution by means of diplomatic negociation. The study will spotlight on the interactions among the Holy See, the ROC's government in Taipei and the PRC's authorities in Beijing in order to underline the diplomacy of the Holy See towards the ”Two Chinas” problem during this period, and the role as well as the importance of Msgr. Riberi.

並列關鍵字

Holy See's diplomacy ； Antonio Riberi ； "Two Chinas" Problem ； Sino-Vatican Relationship ； Internunciature in China

參考文獻

法國外交部檔案（Ministère des Affaires étrangères de France, MAEF) : EU-Europe Saint-Siège, 1949-1955, Vol. 26, 27, 28, Asie-Océanie 1944-1955, Vol. 187, Rome Saint-Siège Vol. 1252.