外交折衝下滇緬邊區國軍部隊議案之研究（1952-1954）

在中國大陸全面淪陷後，深陷雲南的國軍部隊為免全軍覆沒，遂在李彌將軍統率下，撤入滇緬邊區以避共軍鋒芒。然而，滯留異域的國軍部隊卻引發緬甸政府之憂心，故於聯合國大會第七屆會提交緬甸遭受中華民國政府侵略之控訴案，案名為：「緬甸聯邦關於臺灣國民黨政府侵略緬甸之控訴」（Complaint by the Union of Burma Regarding Aggression against Her by Kuomintang Government of Formosa）（A/2375）。緬方除籲請聯合國安全理事會譴責中華民國政府之侵略行為外，並籲請聯合國採取適當之行動，以促使異域國軍部隊繳械、聽受拘留或離開緬甸。由於此控訴案之名稱紛紜，本文為明確該控訴案之性質，故稱其為滇緬邊區國軍部隊議案。綜觀1950年代的國際形勢，在「大國外交」思維下，美、蘇兩大強權掌控外交主導權，中華民國政府僅能於有限空間內，勉力維護國家之利益，故國際外交之現實性即為「弱國無外交」。眼見聯合國大會瀰漫著同情緬甸政府之氣氛，加之美方的一再施壓，中華民國首席代表蔣廷黻深知控訴案之通過已是「指日可待」，遂於聯合國大會的辯論中，針對緬甸控訴案的內容錙銖必較，以使該決議案以最符合中華民國之國家利益，並兼顧異域國軍部隊心願之形式通過。

關鍵字

外交；聯合國；蔣廷黻；顧維鈞；李彌；滇緬邊區

並列摘要

When the Chinese mainland fully occupied, stay in Yunnan national army troops to avoid completely annihilated, under the leadership of the General Mi Li, retreat to the Sino-Burma border to escape from Chinese communist troops chase. However, stranded in foreign land national army troops of the government of Myanmar has triggered worries, accordingly at the seventh United Nations general assembly submitted to Myanmar suffered Republic of China government aggression complaints case, the case name is Complaint by the Union of Burma Regarding Aggression against Her by Kuomintang Government of Formosa (A/2375). Myanmar addition to requesting the United Nations Security Council to condemn the Republic of China government of outside aggression, and calls upon the United Nations to take appropriate action, to promote foreign land national army troops to disarm and accept detention or leave Burma. As this complaints case the name of the diverse this paper to make clear the nature of the complaints case, it is called the Chineses nationalist troops in the Sino-Burma border. Overview the international situation in the 1950s, In the "power diplomacy" thinking, the two major powers U.S. and the U.S.S.R. diplomatic initiative to control, R.O.C. government can only in a limited space as far as possible to safeguard national interests, therefore, the reality of international diplomacy is "weak countries have no diplomatic". Seeing the United Nations General Assembly was filled with the compassion government of Myanmar's atmosphere, coupled with the U.S. has repeatedly put pressure on the R.O.C Chief Representative Ting-Fu Jiang complaints case in favor of knows is "just around the corner", accordingly at United Nations General Assembly debates, against the complaints case of the content pinch pennies, let such resolution that best meet the interests of the Republic of China's national interests, and taking into account the wishes of the foreign land Chineses nationalist troops.