全球化歷史與歷史化全球化：一個世界跨區域「五流」分析架構的提議與實踐

Globalizing History and Historicizing Globalization: An Analytical Framework of ＂Five Trends＂ and its Practice

潘宗億(Tsung-yi Pan)

《輔仁歷史學報》 34期 (2015/03) Pp. 45-108

摘要

在整合「全球化歷史」與「歷史全球化」兩種研究取向的基礎上，本文嘗試提出一個世界「五流」跨區域遷徙與互動的分析架構，並進行全球化歷史進程分期的初步實踐。本文將全球化定義為「與日遽增之跨區域相互連結性」，並提出一個分析架構，檢視隨「人流」遷徙所衍生之跨區域「物流」、「金流」、「文化流」與「病流」移動、接觸與雙向交流之歷史發展，並參酌「五流」之「速度」、「廣度」、「深度」、「依存度」與「即時度」等「五度」互動程度，以及「馬路」、「海路」、「航路」、「電路」與「網路」等物質與技術條件基礎之「五路」變革，從事一個全球化歷史分期的初步思考與實踐。基於上述論旨，本文第一部分首先概述歐美世界史書寫從國史、歐洲中心論到全球史書寫的典範性轉移，兼及綜述全球化研究從經濟、政治、到「文化轉向」之學術發展軌跡，從中歸納「全球化歷史」與「歷史化全球化」之學理性思考，整合世界史「全球轉向」與全球化「文化轉向」之研究成果，以初步提出一個人類世界全球化歷史進程的「五流」分析架構。其次，第二至第四部分，具體運用「五流」分析架構，探討原史時期(人類起源至500BC)、古代全球化時期(500BC-1500AD)、原型全球化時期(1500AD-1850AD)、現代全球化時期(1850AD-1950AD)與當代全球化時期(1950AD至今)之全球化歷史發展特徵。最後，針對全球史、全球化歷史研究取向，以及本文所提「五流」分析架構，進行若干反思與展望。

關鍵字

全球史 ； 全球化 ； 全球化歷史 ； 歷史化全球化 ； 五流

並列摘要

This article aims to propose an analytical framework of examining the historical course of globalization from the theoretical perspectives of ＂globalizing history＂ and ＂historicizing globalization.＂ Based on the definition of globalization as the ＂increasing interconnectedness,＂ this article propose an analytical framework of ＂Five Trends＂ to examine the trans-regional mobility and exchanges of commercial goods, cultural production, momentary currencies, precious metal, and diseases accompanied by the human migration in five stages according to the degree of the ＂speed,＂ ＂width,＂ ＂depth,＂ ＂inter-dependency,＂ and ＂instantaneousness＂ of ＂Five Trends.＂ Moreover, it looks into the material and technical foundations for the migration and exchanges of ＂Five Trends＂ in each stage of globalization, such as road, sea route, air route, electronic circuit, and internet. By applying this analytical framework of ＂Five Trends,＂ this article goes further to divide the historical course of globalization since the beginning of human history into five stages: pro-historic globalization (to 500BC), ancient globalization (500BC-1500AD), proto-globalization (1500-1850AD), modern globalization (1850-1950AD), and contemporary globalization (1950 to the present). For the purpose of this article, I first briefly trace the paradigmatic shift from the national and the Euro-centric paradigms to the ＂global turn＂ in the writing of world history as well as the ＂cultural turn＂ in the field of global studies and then move to propose the analytical framework of ＂Five Trends＂ from the theoretical perspectives of ＂globalizing history＂ and ＂historicizing globalization.＂ Next, it addresses the course and features of globalization in five stages. Finally, it intends to reconsider the significance and prospects of studying and teaching global history, history of globalization, and the analytical framework of ＂Five Trends.＂

並列關鍵字

Global History ； Globalization ； Globalizing History ； Historicizing Globalization ； Five Trends

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