清代臺灣方志輿圖的政治文化意識

本文主要根據清代官修臺灣各府、縣、廳志的輿圖凡例及其內容，另參酌相關的歷史文獻與歷來學界的研究成果，以考察此項空間知識系統的建構本身所牽連的政治文化因素，並分析志書纂修者的經世理念、價值取向或文化意識如何滲透到各方志輿圖的地理顯像中，形成他們從中國大陸觀看臺灣島域的概念網絡。整體而言，特定時空的志書輿圖內容大致伴隨著官方力量的伸展、行政區域的調整與漢人拓墾的步伐而有所調整，作為詮釋主體的修志官紳基於大清帝國有效統治的初衷與漢族文化中心主義的立場，投射在輿圖客體的繪製結果，除了傳達各項自然及人文地理的訊息之外，也隱約展現出中央／邊陲的主從關係以及王化／化外的文化歧視。在清朝政府設官治理與原漢勢力消長的同時，透過輿圖內容的劃界與擴充，以及各種與輿圖內容相互對應的論述策略，在心態上逐步將臺灣各地收編於帝國統治的文化版圖中，並作為一種具像化的權力宣示。就此層面而言，清代臺灣方志輿圖的地理顯像，既是一種權力網絡所交織而成的空間認知，也是一種官方支配意識的具體呈現。

關鍵字

方志；地圖學；地理知識；空間意識；臺灣史

並列摘要

The purpose of this essay is to investigate the system of space knowledge itself and to explore its relationship with political and cultural elements. In addition, I analyze how does the ideal of state, value attitude, or cultural consciousness of the Gazetteer's editor reveal in the map of Gazetteer, which are also called the ＂Looking Taiwan from the View of Mainland China.＂ The references of this essay are based on maps, notes on user and contents of Taiwan Gazetteer and also other historical documents. The contents of Gazetteer's maps in certain period are changed and rearranged following the power of government, the adjustment of administration areas, and the cultivating of Chinese people. The Gazetteer's standpoint is based on the ruler of Ch'ing court and the Chinese culturalism (the Han nationality). These conceptions reflected on sketching maps show that not only they revealed the information about all natural resources, geography, and human activities, but also the relationship between the central and the board area, and cultural discrimination. When Ch'ing court assigned officials to Taiwan and extended his influence by expanding and dividing of sketching board on map, he gradually took Taiwan as a part of his empire in mindset. We can suggest that when Ch'ing government edited the Gazetteer's maps of Taiwan, it shows a space consciousness making by the power and a concrete represent which everything is dominated by authority.