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音樂舞台的異國主義——以17與18世紀的「土耳其風」為例

Exoticism on Stage - A Study of "alla turca" in the 17th and 18th Centuries

摘要


歐洲音樂發展過程始終受到來自東方的影響,從近東的阿拉伯與土耳其至遠東的中國與日本,皆曾以一種「他者」的角色對身為「自我」的歐洲產生衝擊。本文以17與18世紀的「土耳其風」為例,說明歐洲與鄂圖曼帝國因貿易、外交或軍事上的接觸,如何對歐洲古典音樂的發展產生重要的影響。作為研究對象的作品包括呂利的《中產階級紳士》、拉穆的《優雅的印度人》及莫札特的《後宮誘逃》,探討作曲家如何借助特定的音樂語法來傳達作品的「異國主義」,其音樂不僅為作品增添豐富的想像趣味,也投射出歐洲人對「東方」的態度與評價。

並列摘要


The development of European music has always been influenced by the East, which includes Arabia and Turkey in the Near East, later, China and Japan in the Far East. The East as "the other"has had a profound impact on the European "self". The purpose of this essay is to examine how the trade, diplomatic, military encounters between the Europa and the Ottoman Empire have on the development of the European classical music, which imitates elements in foreign cultures that differ from native tradition. To explore the musical characteristics of the Exoticism, three works are discussed here: Lully's Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, Rameau's Les indes galantes, and Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail. Not only is the music full of fun and imagination, but the music also project the Europeans' attitude and evaluation of "the East".

參考文獻


Bellman, Jonathan(ed.)(1998).The exotic in Western Musik.Boston:Northeastern University Press.
Finscher, Ludwig(ed.)(1995).Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart Sachteil.Kassel:Barenreiter.
Betzwieser, Thomas(1993).Exotismus und Türkenoper in der französischen Musik des Ancien Regime.Laaber:Laaber Verlag.
Bierbaum, Angelika(1987).Exotische Welten Europäische Phantasien Ausstellung Katalog.Stuttgart:
Sievernich, Gereon(ed.),Budde, Hendrik(ed.)(1989).Europa und der Orient 800-1900.Gütersloh:Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag.

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