批判國際政治經濟學的發展、途徑與啟示

現代國際政治經濟學（International Political Economy, IPE）是試圖在國際層次上進行國家、市場與社會互動關係之整合研究。美國學者吉爾平（Robert Gilpin）最早針對IPE提出經濟民族主義、自由主義與馬克思主義等三個不同的意識形態觀點，近年來的IPE研究則趨向多元發展，包括學科定位、研究議題與方法論等面向。特別是，IPE美國學派（American School）和不列顛學派（British School）之間的爭辯，進一步展現了IPE研究的獨特性與學術社群的成熟化。批判國際政治經濟學（Critical International Political Economy, Critical IPE）是不列顛學派的核心，也是對主流美國學派的反思，然而學者對其解釋並不一致。本文從IPE跨大西洋分歧當中耙梳Critical IPE的發展進程，探討學者如何界定「批判性」（critical）一詞，以及Critical IPE主要研究途徑（女性主義、環境主義、建構主義和新葛蘭西主義）的特色，並探求這些研究途徑的共性關聯。最後，本文總結Critical IPE對於整體IPE發展的貢獻與啟示，希冀有助於國內讀者理解IPE這門學科的新發展。

關鍵字

不列顛學派；批判國際政治經濟學；美國學派；國際政治經濟學

並列摘要

The subfield of International Political Economy (IPE) tries to integrate political, societal and economic aspects into studying international economic issues. Robert Gilpin was the first scholar to pay much attention to IPE research, who identified three major ideologies in IPE: Liberalism, Economic Nationalism and Marxism. The recent debates between the American School and the British School of IPE mean that an increasing number of issues, approaches and methodologies have been adopted by academic community. In other words, the IPE has become a well-developed discipline, with its own independent characteristics distinct from IR. Critical International Political Economy is the central part of British School which undertakes critical perspective to defy mainstream IPE. However, scholars have not had a general consensus about ”what is Critical IPE?” yet. The first purpose of this article is to clarify the academic context of IPE from which Critical IPE is derived. Secondly, this article tries to summarize the statements of the term ”critical” by scholars; furthermore, we will discuss those meanings on theory and practice of IPE. Third, this article intends to examine four critical approaches of Feminism, Environmentalism, Constructivism and Neo-Gramscianism and find some commonalities among them. Finally, we would conclude how the Critical IPE has inspired and contributed to the study of IPE. Hopefully, this article could help readers to further understand the recent developments of IPE.