王世貞詩學視域中的《莊子》解讀

明代後期的《莊子》學蓬勃發展，除了以儒、釋、道三教思想闡釋《莊子》之外，更有一路數，曰「以文解《莊》」。例如王世貞，著有評析《莊子》的文章數篇，論點與其詩學理念相映成趣，可以視為「以文解《莊》」的一種模式。下文，先討論王世貞的復古詩學，除了具有「格調」的基本信念外，甚至也萌生了「性靈」的活躍想法；接著，再將討論重點轉移到王世貞的《莊子》解讀上。整體觀之，王世貞《讀書後》的〈讀莊子一〉、〈讀莊子二〉、〈讀莊子三〉，可與「格調」的觀念相互貫通；而《弇州山人續稿》的〈周之冕書莊子要語後〉、〈邵弁莊子標解序〉二文，又可與「性靈」的觀念相互證詮。兩種閱讀《莊子》的不同方法，出現在同一位文學家的論述中，隱隱呼應此時復古派的詩壇盟主兼具「格調」與「性靈」的活潑思想。

關鍵字

莊子；王世貞；格調；性靈；《讀書後》；《弇州山人續稿》

並列摘要

Apart from exploring the thoughts of Zhuang Zi from the aspects of Ru (Confucianism), Shi (Buddhism), and Daoism, another approach called called ＂yi wen jie Zhuang＂ (the literary interpretation of Zhuang Zi) also contributes a lot to the thriving development of Zhuang study in the late Ming Dynasty. Wang Shi-Zhen, for instance, wrote some articles commenting and analyzing Zhuang Zi, where the arguments present an intriguing contrast to his poetic thoughts, which can be perceived as one of approaches to interpret Zhuang Zi called ＂yi wen jie Zhuang.＂ The essay below first addresses Wang's classical poetics. Besides his basic belief Ge Diao, Wang even conceived an active thought called Xing Ling (natural pure disposition). Then, the focus of the discussion shifts to Wang's interpretation of Zhuang Zi. On the whole, ＂Du Zhuang Zi I,＂＂Du Zhuang Zi II,＂and＂Du Zhuang Zi III,＂ in Wang's Du Shu Hou exactly reflect the concept of Ge Diao, while the thought Xing Ling is respectively verified in ＂Zhou Zhi Mie Shu Zhuang Zi Yao Yu Hou,＂ and ＂Shao Bian Zhuang Zi Biao Jie Xu＂ in Yan Zhuo Shan Ren Xu Gao. The co-existence of these two different reading approaches in the same literati faintly echoes the lively thoughts of Ge Diao and Xing Ling found in the classical school poet laureate of the time.