監測人類致癌物暴露的分子流行病學方法

Biological Monitoring of Carcinogen Exposure Effects in the Occupational Settings

劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 2卷3期 (1995/07) Pp. 156-164

https://doi.org/10.30027/CJOM.199507.0001

摘要

過去致癌物或致突變物暴露的評估多偏重於環境偵測，即測定空氣、食物或飲水中致癌物的量。但環境偵測只代表可能暴露的量，而不是人體吸收至體內的量，因此流行病學研究常發現環境偵測結果與癌病發生無法呈劑量—效應關係。分子流行病學的發展使人體吸收的致癌物定量更趨進步，亦即由環境偵測進步到生物偵測。本文討論目前常用的生物偵測方法，包括內在劑量測定，致癌物—DNA結合物的生物有效劑量測定及生物效應的測定。這些指標的增加表暴露量的增加，但這些指標的增加是否與癌症的發生有因果相關，尚待更多的分子流行病學研究來確定。無論如何，這些指標的增加即表示過度暴露於致癌物，應立即減少或避免持續的暴露，以預防癌症的發生。

關鍵字

生物偵測 ； 致癌物 ； 內在劑量 ； 生物有效劑量 ； 細胞基因指標

並列摘要

Exposure dose was usually measured by environmental monitoring method which measures the carcinogen concentrations in the ambient, water or food. The doses measured by environmental monitoring represent the external exposed doses, not the internal absorbed doses. The method of biological monitoring intents to measure the internal dose, biological effective dose and biological effects induced by carcinogen. This article presents the methods used for biological monitoring of carcinogen exposure. The markers usually used in the molecular epidemiologic study includes internal dose marker, Ames test, DNA adducts, and cytogenetic markers, e.g. chromosome abeeration, sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus. These markers have been shown to be highly correlated with carcinogen exposure, however, the association between these markers and cancer development is still not confirmed. Elevation of frequency of these markers suggests overexposure to carcinogen. Action to protect human from overexposure to carcinogen shoud be taken to prevent from cancer development.

並列關鍵字

biological monitoring ； carcinogen ； internal dose ； biological effective dose ； cytogenetic marker