職業及工作場所相關之暴力事件

Violence in Workplace

楊志明(Chi-Ming Yang) ； 陳永煌(Yeong-Hwang Chen) ； 劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 4卷1期 (1997/01) Pp. 31-36

https://doi.org/10.30027/CJOM.199701.0005

摘要

近年暴力傷害事作層出不窮，諸如兒童虐待、配偶虐待及老人虐待等問題，逐漸受到重視。相關之通報系統及收容單位及基金會也陸續成立。而職業及工作場所相關之暴力事件也日漸增多。尤其某些職業之受僱朋友特別容易受到傷害，例如計乘車司機、警察人員、便利商店之店員遭殺害，引起社會震驚，這些致命性的案件容易受到重視。但相對於死亡事件，工作場所之肢體衝突、暴力襲擊及脅迫行為也履見不鮮。這些問題非常值得關心及探討。目前檢疫總所推動之職業相關疾病通報系統，要求通報職業性外傷之案例。但從這些案例，無法區分是否為暴力所導致之傷害，以往相關之統計及研究闕如。美國職業安全衛生研究所在1996年6月發行刊物，探討職業及工作場所相關之暴力問題，內容值得國內參考。他山之石可以攻錯，這些暴力事件，大致上可分兩大類來探討：（一）致命性之暴力事件。（二）非致命性之暴力襲擊事件。對於計乘車司機、執法人員、現金交易場所、醫護人員、值夜人員、保全人員等等高危險群，如何維護這些工作人員之安全是重要的課題。可以從多方面著手，防護措施的加強及職前安全教育之宣導都是可行的方法。國內目前並未特別注重此一問題，弱勢族群往往在傷害事件後無法獲得合理之補償。因此本文特回顧文獻，希望由美國之經驗，喚起國人對此問題之重視。

關鍵字

職業及工作場所相關之暴事力件事

並列摘要

Violence is a substantial contributor to occupational injury and death, and homicide has become the second leading cause of occupational injury death. Each week, an average of 20 workers are murdered and 18,000 are assaulted while in USA at work or on duty. Nonfatal assaults result in millions of lost workdays and cost workers millions of dollars in lost wages. Workplace violence is clustered in certain occupational settings: For example, the retail trade and service industries account for more than half workplace homicides and 85% of nonfatal workplace assaults. Taxicab drivers have the highest risk of workplace homicides of any occupational group. Workers in health care, community services, and retail settings are at increased risk of nonfatal assaults. Risk factors for workplace violence include dealing with the public, the exchange of money, and the delivery of services or goods. Prevention strategies for minimizing the risk of workplace violence include (but are not limited to) cash-handling policies, physical separation of workers from customers, good lighting, security devices, escort services, and employee training. A workplace violence prevention program should include a system for documenting incidents, procedures to be taken in the event of incidents, and open communication between employers and workers. Although no definitive prevention strategy is appropriate for all workplace, all workers and employers should assess the risks for violence in their workplace and take appropriate action to reduce those risks. Because of no available data in Taiwan, We should pay attention to this topic.

並列關鍵字

Workplace violence