四十歲以上成年人之耳鳴相關因子分析與探討

Discuss the Related Factors of Tinnitus in Adults over 40 Years Old

葉慶輝(Ching-Hui Yeh) ； 葉淑娟(Shu-Chuan Yeh)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 13卷2期 (2006/04) Pp. 81-96

https://doi.org/10.30027/CJOM.200604.0003

摘要

目的：隨著人口老化，耳鳴盛行率也越來越高，但國內至目前對這方面的研究有限。據國外相關文獻統計，在老年人口中耳鳴盛行率高達30%，其中10%至15%因長期耳鳴困擾而尋求醫療協助。雖然國外有很多耳鳴的相關研究，但其原因為何，依舊不甚清楚，且至目前也無確切積極有效的治療。有鑑於此，本研究結合預防保健之成、老人體檢，藉以探討四十歲以上成年人之耳鳴狀況.並以預防醫學觀點分析不同人口學變項、健康行為、慢性疾病與耳鳴間之相互關係，進而慨括了解局部地區的耳鳴流行病學狀況，並依此對耳鳴個案提供一級、二級及三級之預防保健諮詢，達到預防保健之健康促進的目的。研究方法：本研究為一實證性橫斷研究，研究對象為至國軍左營總醫院接受成、老人體檢之民眾。樣本共收集1015位。研究方法主要針對不同民眾其耳鳴狀況與人口學變項、健康行為、慢性疾病等相關因子，應用SPSS11.0套裝軟體做描述性與推論性（卡方、邏輯式迴歸）統計分析。研究結果與建議：本研究在1015位成、老人健檢受檢者中，耳鳴比例為30.2%。耳鳴與年齡別、貧血、高血壓、心血管疾病、白內障、日常交通工具、月收入、骨密度異常及肝功能異常(GOT)等因子，在卡方分析皆達統計顯著相關。另外，心血管疾病、骨密度異常、肝功能異常(GOT)在邏輯式迴歸分析也達統計顯著性。個別之勝算比分別為－心血管疾病：1.613(95% CI: 1.055~2.467)，骨密度異常：2.064(95% CI: 1.003~4.248)及肝功能異常：(GOT) :1.470(95% CI: 1.080~2.002)。由結果顯示，台灣因日常生活舒適及老年人口日益增加，伴隨而來的慢性病也增加，就如同耳鳴這原因多樣，難以治療的慢性疾病，在台灣也有很高之盛行率。對於這擾人的耳鳴，只能提醒國人應注意日常的飲食與生活保健，尤其具有危險因子如老年人、肝功能指數(GOT)異常、貧血、高血壓、心血管疾病、白內障、機車族、月收入較低者及骨密度異常者等更應注意自身的健康管理。

關鍵字

健康檢查 ； 耳鳴 ； 預防醫學

並列摘要

Object: The prevalence of tinnitus increases with age, but the related research is limited in our country. According to the epidemiological reports, the prevalence of tinnitus is around 30% in the aged group. Ten percent to 15% have prolonged tinnitus requiring medical evaluation. Despite extensive study, the etiology of tinnitus is still not completely understood, and its treatment remains elusive. Due to the phenomenon, this study includes the participants that received adult health examination in our hospital to evaluate the related factors of tinnitus in adults over 40 years old. The study focuses on analyzing the relationship among health examination results and the related factors of tinnitus. By the way, the result could offer the local prevalence of tinnitus and achieve the further aim on primary, secondary and tertiary health promotion and its related medical consultation in prevention medicine. Research Method: The study was an experimental cross-section study. All the health examination reports came from Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, where we collected 1015 cases for this research. The research method focuses on the relationship among the tinnitus, demographic data, health behavior, chronic disease and other related health examination items. Furthermore, we did the descriptive and deductive statistic analysis of the study with the SPSS11.0. Research Result and Suggestion: Among the 1015 cases, the ratio of tinnitus is 30.2%. Factors such as old age, anemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cataract, daily transport vehicle by motorcycle, low income per month, abnormal bone mineral density and liver function impairment(GOT), all achieve the statistic significance with the tinnitus in Chi-square analysis. Besides, the cardiovascular disease, abnormal bone mineral density and liver function impairment (GOT), also achieve the statistic significance in logistic regression. The respective odds ratio in these 3 risk factors are cardiovascular disease: 1.613(95% CI: 1.055~2.467), abnormal bone mineral density: 2.064(95% CI: 1.003~4.248) and liver function impairment (GOT):1.470(95% CI: 1.080~2.002).The result of this research implies that the comfortable living style and aged group increasing in Taiwan keep the chronic disease increasing, such as tinnitus-a diverse etiology and difficulty-cured chronic illness. Therefore, it's important to those highly risked patients, who have old age, anemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cataract, daily transport vehicle by motorcycle, low income per month, abnormal bone mineral density and liver function impairment(GOT), concern more about their food and health management in daily life.

並列關鍵字

Health Examination ； Tinnitus ； Prevention medicine