職場戒菸衛教對吸菸行爲之影響

An Intervention Study for Cigarette Smoking Cessation among blue-collar Workers

楊燦(Tsan Yang) ； 薛夙君(Shu-Chun Hsueh) ； 吳德敏(Der-Min Wu) ； 劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou) ； 孫建安(Chien-An Sun) ； 鍾蝶起(Tieh-Chi Chung) ； 陳家勉(Chia-Mien Chen) ； 鄭仙忠(Hsien-Chung Cheng)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 14卷4期 (2007/10) Pp. 269-280

https://doi.org/10.30027/CJOM.200710.0006

摘要

吸菸是被全世界公認為影響人類健康的最主要危險因子之一，許多的研究顯示吸菸與慢性疾病，如冠狀動脈疾病、週邊血管疾病、肺癌及肺氣腫等疾病有密切的因果關係。若能及早戒菸，將可減少因吸菸所導致相關疾病發生，延長壽命。本研究目的為：探討職場作業人員，透過戒菸衛生教育及尼古丁貼片等介入方式，評估對吸菸行為之影響。研究採類實驗性實驗設計，區分為三組(1)完全未介入組100人、(2)衛教組，以衛教介入71人、(3)衛教＋貼片組，以衛教＋尼古丁貼片介入計22人。資料收集包含自填式問卷，收集個人基本資料及吸菸行為，介入觀察持續四個月評估對吸菸行為之影響。結果顯示：衛教＋貼片組不管在戒菸成功與減少每日吸菸量部分，均有較好的成效。在利用前測資料預測減少每日吸菸量與否的邏輯斯迴歸模式中發現與戒菸動機有關係，戒菸動機越強越有明確戒菸時間者，越有可能減少每日吸菸量；而戒菸與否方面則發現與前測之吸菸態度得分及拒菸自我效能得分有關。綜上所述：戒除衛教介入，確實可增加職場作業人員吸菸者之戒菸成效。吸菸態度與拒菸自我效能以及正向的戒菸態度衛教將有助於戒菸成功。

關鍵字

吸菸 ； 衛教介入 ； 戒菸 ； 尼古丁貼片

並列摘要

Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death. Hundreds of epidemiological researches have been found strong associations between smoking and a variety of diseases. Most of them agree that smoking plays a causal role in the etiology of lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and other disorders. A great number of lives could be saved if smoking could be prevented. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a change of smoking behaviour, using both health education and nicotine patch, conducted among the blue-collar workers.
This study uses a quasi-experimental design. All participants were then divided into three groups. The first group (N=100) served as the control and received nothing. The second group (N=71) received instructions regarding how to quit smoking. The third group (N=22) received both the quitting information and nicotine patches. After obtained informed consent from each subject, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information on their demographics, smoking habits. Smoking behaviour was observed during the 4-month period.
Results showed that the smoking cessation rate and reduction of the daily smoke for the intervention (health education plus nicotine patch) group was significantly better than the control group and health-education-only group. Logistic regression (using the pre-test data to predict the reduction of the daily smoke) analyses showed that motivation to quit was the most significant factor. Those who had stronger motive and expressed a specific date of quitting were more likely to reduce their daily smoke. Better smoking cessation outcomes were also related to the subjects' smoking attitude in the pre-test and self-efficacy to refrain from smoking.
Based on these preliminary results, we conclude that this health education intervention could improve the success of smoking cessation among occupational workers. Smoking attitude, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and positive attitude in smoking cessation in the health education could improve the success of smoking cessation.

並列關鍵字

Health education intervention ； Nicotine patch ； Smoking cessation ； Anti-smoking self-efficacy