A Systematic Review of the Literature: Risk Factors and Strategies for Occupational Hazards in Hospitals

醫院職業暴露危害風險因素暨策略探討之系統性文獻回顧

林麗雅(Li-Ya Lin) ； 阮祺文(Chi-Wen Juan)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 22卷2期 (2015/04) Pp. 71-88

摘要

目標：以文獻回顧的方式，描述醫院健康照護人員的職業危害風險因素和相關介入措施，並建議醫院決策者進行有效策略改善以降低醫院工作職場的危害。方法：使用網上數據庫包括OVID, ProQuest, MEDLINE和CINAHL搜尋過去25年時期到2011年12月之間中英文文獻，依據健康照護人員，職業危害，風險因素，策略及醫院等關鍵詞進行組合搜尋及全文檢索。結果：醫院健康照護人員經常面臨許多職業危害暴露風險。根據國際研究報告指出醫院健康照護人員在工作相關的健康與安全上的問題，源於每日在工作中暴露在複雜性的職業危害。雖然已經研究制定相關策略或介入措施以因應相關職業傷害之發生，職業危害事故發生率和賠償比率仍然居高不下。結論：醫院健康照護人員在日常工作中經常暴露於許多職業危害風險，如生物致病源、化學或物理性傷害、生理或心理性危害。關於如何有效管理醫院健康照護人員的職業傷害和疾病，許多研究已經闡述了可能的策略或介入措施，不僅要提高個人的專業知識和技能，改變工作條件和環境，更需要推動安全文化氛圍及制定工作場所健康促進的政策和施行方案，為全體醫院健康照護人員營造一個更安全和健康的工作場所。

關鍵字

健康照護人員 ； 職業危害 ； 風險因素 ； 策略 ； 醫院

並列摘要

Objectives: To critique the evidence of factors and strategies that underpins interventions intended to minimize occupational hazards in the hospitals, to inform researchers and policy makers regarding the implementation and evaluation of the occupational hazards interventions in hospitals. Methods: The literature as examined for the past 25-year period up to December 2011. The database searched were Ovid, ProQuest, Medline and CINAHL, using the key words of health care workers, occupational hazards, risk factors, strategies, hospital, review in varying combinations. Results: Health care workers are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards in the hospitals. Estimates of risk factors for contracting these occupational hazards and strategies to prevent these exposures are reviewed. International studies have clearly demonstrated serious concerns in work-related health and safety among health care workers in hospitals as a result of exposure to complex occupational hazards occurring daily at work. Although interventions and strategies have been developed to manage the possibility of occupational injury and illnesses, the incident rates and compensation claims in this occupation remain higher. Conclusions: Health care workers are exposed to a wide range of biological, chemical, physical and psychological hazards at their daily work in hospitals. To manage occupational injuries and illnesses among health care workers, several studies have described the possible strategies or interventions in preventing and protecting health care workers from those workplace hazards. Not only to improve individual knowledge and skills, change working condition and environment, but also to develop safety climate policies and health promotion programs to create a healthy and safe workplace in hospital settings.

並列關鍵字

health care workers ； occupational hazards ； risk factors ； strategies ； hospital