國軍工廠作業人員噪音性聽力損失之研究

A study of noise-induced hearing loss about military factory staffs

賴俊甫(Chun-Fu Lai) ； 王家麒(Gia-Chi Wang) ； 王鐘慶(hung-Ching Wang) ； 江昇達(Sheng-Ta Chiang) ； 吳立偉(Li-Wei Wu) ； 劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 23卷3期 (2016/07) Pp. 155-169

摘要

目的：長期暴露於噪音的環境下所產生的聽覺效應包括了聽力損失及干擾談話與其他聲音。雖然國內勞工噪音暴露的問題己逐漸受到重視，但仍未完全普及到軍隊的層面。因此，本研究希望藉由聽力的檢測和各項危險因子的評估，了解目前國軍工廠單位作業人員實際聽力受損狀況及作業情形之間的關係。方法：本研究的研究方法包括聽道理學檢查、純音聽力測驗以及結構式問卷，藉由描述性統計瞭解人口學特質、工作經歷、防護用具使用情形、生活型態、個人及過去病史及自覺聽力狀況之分佈情形，並用線性迴歸分析及羅吉斯迴歸分析探討影響依變項之相關因子，藉此探討噪音暴露環境與操作人員聽力受損間之關係，並探討相關噪音防範及聽力保護作業之可行性與精進作為。研究對象需於受測前停止噪音暴露至少達14小時。結果：研究結果顯示在所有受測者當中，有高頻聽力的受損比例為64.2%，而有低頻聽力的受損則佔了37.1%。有使用噪音防護用具的人員比例為64.2%，其中在工作中全程使用的比例為43.1%，以耳塞較多。而會造成高頻聽力受損的危險因子則包括年齡的增加、有固定的喝酒習慣及自覺聽力已經受損。結論：本研究結果顯示國軍工廠人員聽力受損的狀況，可能比國內一般普遍勞工的情形嚴重。有固定飲酒習慣的人，容易發生高頻聽力的受損。根據此研究結果，一但人員有自覺聽力受損的狀況，其真正有聽力受損的可能性將大幅提高，此時若能有效的及早介入，並施予適當的隔離保護，或許可以有效降低如此高的聽力受損盛行率。

關鍵字

國軍 ； 工廠人員 ； 噪音 ； 聽力損失

並列摘要

Purpose：Long-term exposure to noise would lead to hearing loss. Although the domestic concerns of noise-exposure problem about workers gradually, this situation is still not spread to the military yet. This study want to investigate the real condition of hearing loss and the relationship between the condition and working environment about the military factory staffs by hearing screening and evaluation of risk factors. Method：We used physical examination for ears, pure-tone audiometry, and structured questionnaire in this study. Descriptive statistics were explored, and group comparisons, correlation, and regression analysis were performed. The objectives needed to avoid noise exposure for 14 hours before examination. Result：The total objectives include 310 participants. There are 199 cases (64.2%) with high-frequency hearing loss and 115 cases (37.1%) with low-frequency hearing loss. 199 objectives have habit of hearing protector using. There is statistically significant difference between age, habit of alcohol drinking, and self-realization about hearing loss. Conclusion：The results show that the condition of hearing loss about military factory staffs maybe more severe than other general factory workers. The person who has habit of alcohol drinking and self-realization about hearing loss needs be monitored regularly and provided hearing screening and hearing protection program as soon as possible if necessary.

並列關鍵字

military ； factory staffs ； noise ； hearing loss ； alcohol