台東地區果樹營養狀況對果實品質之影響調查研究

Effects of Orchard Nutrition Status on the Fruit Qualities at Taitung Area

張茂盛(M. S. Chang) ； 林萬居(W. C. Lin) ； 林利華(L. H. Lin)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 1輯 (1987/06) Pp. 51-76

https://doi.org/10.6959/RBTDAIS.198706.0051

摘要

本調查分別在台東縣晚崙西亞及番荔枝主要產區進行。調查結果顯示，5L處果園有80％屬石礫質土壤，且分布在坡地上。果園由於長期耕耘及化學肥料之連年施用，引起土壤酸化pH值下降，土壤有效性鈣鎂含量降低，影響果樹生長。另有機肥料來源困難，供應不足，土壤有機質含量普遍偏低。晚崙西亞果園氮鉀肥施用似有過量情形，而番荔枝果園氮肥似嫌不足。由於果農均採表面施肥，磷鉀聚集土壤表土。土壤有效性P2O5含量與甜橙及番荔枝果樹葉片P含量間呈正相關。土壤有效性MgO含量與番荔枝結果枝與非結果枝葉片Mg含量間相關亦達1％極顯著平準。番荔枝果實糖度與葉片鎂含量呈正相關關係，而以葉片鉀含量呈負相關。葉片N、P、K、Ca、Mg等營養含量，因樹齡、環境、地力及肥培管理之不同差異極大。

關鍵字

果樹 ； 營養調查 ； 品質分析 ； 土壤肥力

並列摘要

This study was Carried out in valencia and Sweet apple Orchards at Taitung. There were 80% of 51 orchards located on slope stony land. By long term tillage and chemical fertilizer applications, the soils were acidified and the pH values of these orchards declined years by years. Also, the available calcium, magnesium content declined and then affected the growth of fruit trees. For lack of the source of organic matters, its content in the soil generally low as usual in these orchards, it seemed that the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were over applied on valencia orchards, while the nitrogen applied on sweet apple orchards were too low. The phosphate and Potassium contents in soil were highly accumulated in surface, where the farmer always applied the fertilizer on. The soil avaiable P2O5 content was positively correlated with leaf phosphate content in valencia and sweet apple orchards. Soil available MgO was also positively correlated with magnesium content in leaves attached on fruiting and nonfruiting twig at 1% significant level. Fruit Sweetness was positively correlated with leaf potassium contents. Leaf nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, calcium and magnesium content were different from orchard by orchard for various tree age, environment, soil fertility and fertilization-management.