果樹根域調整效應之研究

Study on the Effect of Modifying Root Region for Fruit Trees

蘇德銓(Te-Chuan Su) ； 張茂盛(Moa-Shen Chang)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 6輯 (1995/06) Pp. 25-41

https://doi.org/10.6959/RBTDAIS.199506.0025

摘要

本試驗分別於關山鎮晚崙西亞甜橙園（初鹿系土壤，土壤肥力能限分類為G，片岩老沖積土）及卑南鄉番荔枝果園（豐樂系土壤，土壤肥力能限分類為L，片岩老沖積土）兩處進行。晚崙西亞根域調整區內深施樹皮、蛭石及珍珠砂、僅以小挖土機深挖處理四個月後即可將原先集中於地表下約20公分之根系誘引至距地表30公分以下，一年後即可將根系誘引至距地表50公分以下，並以30－45的公分處最多。而傳統表面施肥之處理，其根系仍維持在15公分左右。每年調整區之根系調查以施用樹皮處理的根系分布最深，根生長量也最多。晚崙西亞果園樹皮之處理，其土壤有機質含量及陽離子交換能力（C.E.C）之提高都較其餘處理為高。土壤酸鹼值經三年之後各處理間差異已不大。處理三年六個月後所得各處理之果實產量及品質未呈顯著差異，而葉片分析結果，各處理葉片三要素除氮含量在79年9月間分析時僅達2.60－2.61%，較其餘處理皆低。80年9月間分析時達2.68－2.79%，亦只是在適中範圍2.70－3.10%之下限，且較各非樹皮處理為低。至81年9月間分析時則各處理皆已在適中範圍之內，分析值也極為接近。磷、鉀含量則各處理之葉片分析值皆在適中範圍之內，差異不大。番荔枝根域調整區內之土壤分析大致與晚崙西亞果園結果相近。處理三年六個月後即82年4月時調整區內以樹皮處理有大量根群，其根分布也最深，達50公分以下，並以30－45公分處最多。葉片分析值中，葉片各要素之含量在各處理間未見差異，葉片分析所得之氮含量在根域處理或對照上差別不大。果實產量則處理後以根域處理在冬果表現較對照皆佳。而品質則以樹皮處理之夏果果粒最大，較對照組差異顯著。經根域調整處理結果，以樹皮有機介質最能增進土壤有機質及土壤養分緩衝能力，並使根系分布較深。其造成土壤略為酸化之現象僅在施用後一至二年內出現，稍後可趨於緩和。至於氮肥初期在樹皮處理有施用量不足現象則在番荔枝果園較晚崙西亞甜橙園不明顯。而根域調整處理配合肥料用量減半對晚崙西亞甜橙及番荔枝樹體養分之吸收及其產量、品質等影響，在試驗期間並未見明顯差異。

關鍵字

晚崙西亞甜橙 ； 番荔枝 ； 根 ； 土壤改良 ； 介質

並列摘要

The effect of modifying root region for valencia in Kuan-San plot (soil condition as Chulu series, FCC: G, schist old alluvial soils) by mixing bark compost, or vermiculite and perlite with soil, or just digging but mixing none in 120 x 50 x 60cm volume under tree canopy might induce root system depth from 20 cm to 30 cm under the ground surface after 4 months and to 50 cm (concentrated from 30-45cm) after 1 year. The most satisfactory one was mixing bark compost treatment, which caused the deepest root system and with the highest CEC and organic matter content in 3 years' investigation. The soil of the mixing bark compost treatment had the lowest soil pH and the lowest leaf N content among these treatments just in the first year. There were no significant differences on leaf P and K content, fruit yield and quality of valencia fruits in all treatments during the 3 years.The results of root growth for sweet apple trees in Pei-Nan plot (soil condition as Feng-Lo series, FCC: L, schist old alluvial soils) were the similer to the valencia's. The bark compost treatment was also the most satisfactory treament which induced the deepest root system to 50 cm (concentrated from30 to 45cm) after 1 year.There were no significant differences on the soil pH and the leaf nutrient contents by leaf diagnosis in all treatments, but the mixing bark compost treatment which showed very good effects on yield and quality in 3 years' investigation was significantly different from fruit size or yield in summer and winter fruits compared with non-bark compost treatments.

並列關鍵字

Valencia orange ； Sugar apple ； Root ； Soil reclamation ； Media