番荔枝與鳳梨釋迦之花藥稀釋增量劑對著果之影響

Fruit Set in Various Multipliers to Dilute the Anther of Sugar Apple and Atemoya

楊正山(Cheng-Shan Yang) ； 黃明得(Ming-Teh Huang)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 16輯 (2006/03) Pp. 21-37

https://doi.org/10.6959/RBTDAIS.200603.0021

摘要

番荔枝「粗鱗種」與鳳梨釋迦由於產量漸減與品質下降，施行人工異花授粉為穩定產業重要方法。然授粉時蜜蜂搶著採集花藥，且授粉作業效率低。當施行人工異花授粉時，添加1倍或5倍花藥量之各種增量劑，除奶粉著果率為30%與63.3%外，其餘增量劑之著果率均達90%以上。石松子粉為0%與3.3%，自然授粉之著果率為0%與3.3%。故番荔枝「粗鱗種」與鳳梨釋迦經人工授粉作業時，添加1倍或5倍花藥量之PVC粉、滑石粉、麵粉、太白粉、甘藷粉、在來米粉等各種增量劑，可提高著果率，使著果良好。而授粉後之果實發育可達採收數，以PVC粉、滑石粉、麵粉、太白粉、甘藷粉、在來米粉等均達90%以上，其中番荔枝之果徑為10.8cm及8.9cm以上，鳳梨釋迦為11.9cm及10.3cm以上。甘藷粉處理之可採收數為60%以上，其中番荔枝之果徑為9.7cm與7.4cm以上，鳳梨釋迦為10.5cm與10.3cm以上，而奶粉處理則於果實發育至30天即全數落果，對照組與人工授粉之番荔枝果徑分別為11.0cm及10.9cm，鳳梨釋迦之果徑為12.2cm與12.4cm。果實均具有產業上之商品價值。

關鍵字

番荔枝 ； 鳳梨釋迦 ； 花藥 ； 增量劑 ； 著果

並列摘要

Sugar Apple and Atemoya are popular among Orientals with their sweetness in fruit. Yet in recent years, the production has dropped, quality decreased, and agricultural productivity and competence weakened. The practice of hand-cross-pollination may increase productivity and commercial value of the fruits. To reduce labor and cost of anther-collection, overcome the problem due to bee's gathering pollen, and enhance operation efficiency, the operation of pollination may be performed with multipliers to dilute the pollen by 1 and 5 times before hand-pollination. The multipliers include PVC powder, Talc powder, flour, Tapioca starch, and rice flours. This improves fruit set rate and attain satisfactory fruit set. Yet milk powder leads to lower fruit set rate. The influence of multiplier type and quantity on fruit development and yield rate was also investigated. Applied with pollen doubled with various multipliers, both Sugar Apple and Atemoya demonstrated satisfactory fruit development with only a very limited drop fruit rate. Exceptions were those with milk powder and potato powder that suffer drop fruit and smaller fruit volume. This result was similar to that of control group (ck). In addition, fruits applied with these multipliers that increased pollen quantity by 5 times achieved acceptable fruit growth with commercial value in the industry. However, when compared with hand-pollination and control group (ck), fruits grew by this approach were smaller in width.

並列關鍵字

Sugar apple ； Atemoya ； Anther ； Multipliers ； Pollination ； Set fruit