不同果園灌溉噴頭性能試驗

Evaluation of Various Nozzle Performance for Orchard Irrigation

黃政龍(Cheng-Lung Huang)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 19輯 (2009/04) Pp. 71-85

https://doi.org/10.6959/RBTDAIS.200904.0071

摘要

果園灌溉除考量作物生理及土壤等條件外，灌溉設備的特性亦是重點之一，特別是在目前水資源日益不足的情況，如何有效灌溉不但可節省水資源，也可提升農產品的質與量。因此本試驗蒐集臺東地區管路灌溉中常用之管徑1/2吋噴頭，試驗不同壓力下之流量及灑布半徑，並配合土壤水分感測器量測灌溉時間與土壤水分張力值的變化。固定式噴頭可調整中央螺絲與噴嘴間的開度，以調節流量，中央螺絲開度在2及3 mm，水壓由0.5～2.5 kg/cm^2，可得流量6.8～21.5 l/min，灑水半徑2.9～5.5 m。將此噴頭安裝於樹冠下，直接灌溉根部，使用壓力1 kg/cm^2，流量11.3 l/min，約灌溉80 min可使表土40 cm深度內的土壤水分達到飽和。若圓形式噴頭操作壓力在0.5～2.5 kg/cm^2，可得流量在2.4～13.2 l/min，灑水半徑在2.9～5.5 m，噴頭安裝於樹冠下直接灌溉根部，同樣使用1 kg/cm^2的壓力，流量為8.4 l/min，約灌溉100 min即可使表土40 cm深度內的土壤水分飽和。灑水式噴頭可分為單孔及雙孔型，壓力在0.5～2.5 kg/cm^2，流量可達7.0～25.6 l/min，灑水半徑則由5.7～11.3 m。於田間試驗將灑水式噴頭安裝於樹冠上灌溉，使用1 kg/cm^2的壓力，流量10.8 l/min，因灑布範圍較大，約須灌溉140 min使表土40 cm深度內的土壤含水飽和。

關鍵字

果園灌溉 ； 噴頭 ； 土壤水分

並列摘要

In addition to the physiology of corps and characteristic of soil, the performance of irrigation equipment is also determinant for fruits both in quantity and quality, especially in the time of water shortage. Upgrading utilization of irrigation facility becomes more and more important. The study tested various muzzles of inches diameter type pipeline irrigation system, a popular implement in Taitung, to find their flow rate and sprinkle radius under different pressures. Soil moisture content of tested orchard was also recorded by a soil tension meter to trace the change of moisture with irrigation time. Results indicated that flow rate reached to 6.8~21.5 l/min and sprinkle radius was 2.9~5.5 m when fixed type nozzle was used with 2 and 3 mm clearance and water pressure was 0.5~2.5 kg/cm^2. Soil at depth 40 cm got saturation after 80 minutes irritation at operation condition of 1 kg/cm^2, and 11.3 l/min. When round type nozzle tested at 0.5~2.5 kg/cm^2, flow rate changed from 2.4~13.2 l/min while sprinkle radius was 2.9~5.5 m. Soil at depth 40 cm got saturation for 100 minutes irrigation under 1 kg/cm^2 working pressure and 8.4 l/min flow rate. In impact sprinkle type, both for single hole model and double holes model, flow rate varied form 7.0~25.6 l/min of 5.7~11.3 m sprinkle radius when pressure was 0.5 to 2.5 kg/cm^2, After 140 minutes, soil got saturation at 40 cm depth for working condition of 1 kg/cm^2 and 10.8 l/min.

並列關鍵字

Orchard irrigation ； Sprinkler ； Soil moisture