臺東地區不同水稻品種及成熟度對穗上發芽率、產量與品質之探討

Effect of Rice Varieties and Maturities on Pre-Harvest Sprouting, Production Yield and Rice Quality in Taitung

侯雅玲(Ya-Ling Hou)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 31輯 (2021/07) Pp. 15-28

摘要

因全球暖化所造成的氣候變遷影響，使豪雨日數增加，致水稻收穫期間遭遇穗上發芽及倒伏等情形亦隨之增加，對產量與品質影響甚鉅。本研究係探討臺東地區第2期作，水稻主要栽培品種及不同成熟度對穗上發芽率、產量、碾米品質及食味值之影響。結果顯示，不同水稻品種及成熟度對穗上發芽率皆有影響，抽穗後32天或42天所收穫的稻穀，以捲紙法處理3天，所有受測品種穗上發芽率小於20%；其中臺南11號及臺東33號則小於12%。然而隨著捲紙法處理時間增加為7天，無論何種品種及成熟度條件之穗上發芽率皆大幅提高至50%以上，所造成的損失均大於對產量或品質之影響。因此在連續豪雨或颱風來臨前，建議生育日數達抽穗後42天之水稻應及時採收，以降低收穫稻穀穗上發芽之災損情形

關鍵字

穗上發芽 ； 成熟度 ； 水稻品質

並列摘要

The elimination of loss in quantity and reduction in quality of rice has become a challenge due to global warming. With the increasing number of rainy days, the incidence of pre-harvest sprouting of rice is rising. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different rice varieties and maturity levels on the pre-harvest sprouting rate (PHS), yield production, milling quality, and taste value in Taitung. The 'wet paper towel method' was adopted to score the degree of PHS. The results indicated that the PHS were different among various rice varieties and maturity levels. Under wet paper towel test for 3 days, the PHS of maturity at 32, and 42 days after heading were less than 20%, and the PHS of variety 'Tainan 11' and 'Taitung 33' were less than 12%. However, as the incubation period of wet paper towel method prolonged to 7 days, the PHS of all the maturity levels or varieties were above 50%. In a long period of PHS potential environment, the losses caused by pre-harvest was greater than the improvement of rice yield or quality. Therefore, before continuous heavy rain or typhoon comes, it is recommended that rice should be harvested in time for 42 days after heading to reduce the damage of germination on the ears of harvested rice.

並列關鍵字

Pre-harvest sprouting ； Maturity of rice ； Grain quality