千秋不朽匠人心－探索鐵族雙金屬科技文明的泉源

The Enduring Ingenuity of Crafts Masters-Exploring the Origin of Ferrous Bimetal Technology Civilization

歐陽又新(Y. S. Ouyang)

《鍛造》 14卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 13-27

https://doi.org/10.29791/Forging.200512.0003

摘要

運用工程方法為古文物斷代，特別是以材料科技為基礎的手段，已蔚為近年國際科技考古社會所採納之重要的輔助方法。運用「統合系統設計方法論」，本文進一步提出人類科技文明體系的「擬張量」模型之概念，並建構了材料、設計與製造技術「三位一體」為理論基礎之「工程科技考古法」作為科技文明斷代之宏觀方略，並提出簡易實施要則以檢視其對探索鐵族雙金屬科技文明的泉源問題上之可行性。結果顯示古埃及雖最早理解到隕鐵的特殊價值，但在1200BC以前無青銅技術體系，故未產生早期鐵族雙金屬文明。赫梯人於2000BC遷入小亞細亞時雖為地中海與愛琴海周邊地區帶來了冶鐵術。也因欠缺鍛鑄與合範技術體系而未產生該文明。但以貴金屬板金文物為主之廣義的雙金屬文明則已存在，早於古中國。赫梯王朝自c1350BC擴張至1200BC解體造成技術擴散，促成該區塊早期鐵文明之發展。唯中國在西周戰國時代產生了完整之精密合範冶鍛複合工藝製程及其技術支撐體系，使人類最早的隕鐵刃青銅鐵現世，並使漢朝的百煉鋼與鑄鐵術之發明領先西方世界達兩千年。本研究已條理出中國、西亞二大古文明區塊鐵族雙金屬科技之源起、發展問題與後續探討重點，顯示所提出的新理論概念與研究方法具體有效。

關鍵字

雙金屬 ； 鐵文明 ； 科技考古 ； 三位一體 ； 斷代

並列摘要

Implementing engineering method in artifact dating, particularly using material technology based approach, is a recent trend approved by the international scientific archeology community. Extending ”unified system design methodology”, current paper advanced a ”pseudo tensor” model imbedded with the ”trinity” of materials, design and manufacturing technologies for constructing the ”engineering technology based archeology methodology” for the purpose of facilitating scientific civilization dating issues. On this theoretical scheme and following simplified rules proposed, the origin of scientific civilization regarding ferrous bimetals developments is performed. Results demonstrate that although the ancient Egyptian first acknowledged the value of asteroid iron, they did not have bronze technology infrastructure before 1200BC to support the origin of ferrous bimetal civilization. Due to the shortage of forging and compound die casting technology infrastructure, Hittities did not originate ferrous bimetals civilization either, although they brought iron processing technology with them c2000BC through Little Asia to the Mediterranean and Aegean seas regions. However, bimetal artifact, in a general sense, distinguished by sheet metal forging, existed in the region before ancient China did. Nevertheless, iron civilization spread in the region was credited to Hittities from her expansion in c1350BC to her collapse soon after 1200BC. Only during the west Chou and the Warring States period in China, the unique compound-die and iron forging-casting technology system first advanced the artifact of iron blade-bronze Yueh. This system also had facilitated the inventions of hundred-folding forged steels and high grades iron castings, whereas the West reached this level after two millennia. This research has concretized the framework for resolving the origin and development of early ferrous bimetal technology within China and west Asia civilization blocks. Key issues pending for further investigations are proposed. Thus, our new theory and methodology prove to be effective.

並列關鍵字

Bimetal ； Iron civilization ； Scientific archeology ； Trinity ； dating