《毘奈耶破僧事》中提婆達多故事試論

提婆達多是釋迦牟尼佛的堂弟，釋尊成佛之後回到故鄉迦毘羅衛城，許多臣民受其德範感召紛紛送子弟追隨釋尊出家，提婆達多便是當時有名的「八王子出家」之中的一員。起初，他非常努力修行；之後，由於種種因素遂離開釋尊，不僅與之對立甚至處處加害。早期佛典與律藏，只要談到提婆達多往往全力描述他的「惡行」，其中以《毘奈耶破僧事》的數量最多，居諸書之冠。但在西元後流傳的大乘經典，例如：《妙法蓮華經》、《大方等無想經》、《佛說大方廣善巧方便經》等等，講到提婆達多時幾乎都是正向敘事，鮮少「惡行」。關於同一個人的傳說何以有如此大的反差？是民間信仰、經典纂輯、立場角度、抑或思想與詮釋推衍之異？本文取《破僧事》與其他典籍中的相關故事互作比較，分析出兩種思惟。

關鍵字

《毘奈耶破僧事》；佛典；提婆達多

並列摘要

Devadatta was Shakyamuni's cousin. After Shakyamuni become a Buddha, he returned to his hometown--- Kapilavastu. Many people inspired by Shakyamuni and followed him to become a Buddhist monk, Devadatta was one of the famous ＂eight prince become monk＂. At first, he strived very hard, but since many reason, he not only leave Shakyamuni, but opposite it and even harm it very much. Early Buddhist scriptures and vinaya-pitaka, as long as he was mentioned, often talking about his crimes. ＂Vinaya Miscellaneous＂, which is the largest of its number, is the highest of all the books. But after the spread of the mahayana sutra in the year of the lord, such as ＂Lotus Sutra＂, ＂Da Fangdeng Wuxiang Jing＂, and ＂Fo Shuo Dafang Guang Shan Qiao Fang Bian Jing＂. When it comes to Devadatta, he is almost a positive narrative, bad things are very few. Why does the legend of the same person have such a big contrast? It's Folk beliefs, scripture compilation, Position angle, or thinking and interpretation of deduction. This article takes ＂Posengshi＂ and other books in the relevant story of each other, deduce two kinds of thinking.