《法華經‧提婆達多品》的成立—與嘉達美詮釋學的對話

本篇論文藉由對嘉達美詮釋學「前理解」的反省，試圖為《法華經》研究提供一個方法論的對話。獨立的〈提婆達多品〉未見於現存梵、藏《法華經》諸本，僅見於鳩摩羅什漢譯的《妙法蓮華經》。〈提婆達多品〉提婆達多受記、龍女成佛等內容雖已附見於西晉竺法護《正法華經．寶塔品》之末，但並不是獨立成為一品。據文獻考證，羅什原譯只二十七品，並無獨立之〈提婆達多品〉；現存題為羅什譯的二十八品譯本，實經陳代真諦將流通單行之〈提婆達多品〉併入羅什譯本，重整而成，自此始有題為羅什所譯的二十八品本《妙法蓮華經》面世。若從《法華》核心思想一佛乘理論的必要性及完滿性看，在攝受根機的賅備性和無分別的平等性這一點上，特別闡述提婆達多受記、龍女轉身成佛等情節，乃《法華經》不同於同時期大乘經之處，由法的平等性攝受一闡提與女性，為成佛帶來保證。欠缺此一闡提及女性議題之處理，在一乘成佛理論上終無法自別於小乘而完滿。因此，從哲學理論的思維向度，以及宗教終極目標一佛乘的實踐等兩方面來看，〈提婆達多品〉內容雖較為晚出，可視為在原始法華基礎上發展出來，為完備一乘思想而產生的內容，由哲學理論的發展而言，在滿足不同時代的歷史性議題的關注而有的視域融合，可見到佛教經典形成中不同的歷史視域。

關鍵字

法華經；提婆達多；一佛乘；鳩摩羅什；一闡提

並列摘要

This article aim to discuss researching method of Buddhist scriptures, and dialogue with the methodology of Gadamer's hermeneutics. There is always a dispute about Devadatta chaper was formed as the same time as other primary chapters of The Lotus Sutra, or later than other chapters? In all extant texts of The Lotus Sutra, only the 28 chapters Chinese translation has an individual Devatta chapter. The 28 chapters Chinese translation was named translated by Kumārajīva, in fact, Kumārajīva's original translation was only 27 chapters, and excluded individual Devatta chapter. According to the earliest Chinese translation and three extant Sanskrit manuscripts, they had already included the part of Devadatta which attached to the end of The Treasure Tower chapter. However, the chapter of Devadatta was translated and added by Paramārtha, there are 28 chapters altogether.Base on The One Vehicle theory, to resolve the question of icchantika and female obtaining deliverances is the central thought of The Lotus Sutra, and it positively the main subject of Devadatta chapter. Only if all beings are contained to be saved from sufferings with non-discriminating, and we can say it answer to the sameness of truth. Without Devadatta, The Loutus Sutra would lose the core of thought.