癌病的基因治療

癌病的傳統療法還有缺點，新的治癌方法尚待開發，基因治療是值得研發的治癌新法。按執行細胞的選擇，基因治療有生殖細胞和體細胞治療兩類，而以體細胞基因治療較為社會所接受，基因治療的方法有二，一為基因置換治療，另一為基因增強治療。基因的載運系統則有病毒載運與非病毒載運兩種。前者發展較早，後者漸被重視。基因治療的效應，要透過分子的作用，這些分子包括重組藥、生物訊息分子、免疫調控分子、降毒分子、導向型藥物和被置換的基因。放射線照射會誘導多種基因的表現，如jun, fos, NF(下標 x)、B,Egr-1,PKC 及多種細胞素，有些可加強癌細胞的毒殺能力，有些對正常細胞有保護作用，故放射線照射的基因治療正在研發中。基因治療並非絕對安全，潛在的危險包括正常細胞癌化、環境為重組病毒所污染、病毒血症、人體為不良病毒或微生物污染，引進體外遺傳物質等。因此在體內對癌細胞作基因轉殖，必須效率高而穩定，保護病人和工作人員的安全。

關鍵字

癌病；基因治療；載體；放射線

並列摘要

Gene therapy may involve germ cells or somatic cells and the latter is more acceptable to the society. In therapy, the genes can be either replaced or gene augmented. Gene transfer techniques are either viral or non-viral. The former has developed earlier and has become more popular; the latter is gaining more momentum in the research because of its safety. Elements involoved in gene therapy are recombinant drugs, informational molecules, genetic immunomodulation, detoxified molecules, targeting drugs and replacement genes. Radiation may induce expression of certain genes such as jun, fos, NFkB, Egr-1, PKC and several cytokines, some may enhance killing effect of cancer cells while some may protect normal cells. Radiation-associated gene therapy is under development. Gene therapy is not risk-free. Potential risks include insertional mutagenesis leading to cancer, environmental pollution of infectious recombinant virus, toxic shock caused by viremia, contamination of human body with deleterious viruses or microorganisms and transfer of nonviral exogenous genetic materials. Therefore, in the study of gene therapy, gene transfer into tumor cells in vivo should be efficent and stable and should ensure safety for both patients and staff.

並列關鍵字

cancer ； gene therapy ； vector ； radiation

國際替代計量

癌病的基因治療

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