廣東北管音樂的發現：日本清樂中的北管音樂探查

「北管」是台灣曾極盛行的民間傳統樂種之一，以前認為其為台灣特有的樂種名稱，但近年發現在中國福建泉州及日本都曾有北管在流傳。本文主要透過分析與比對來查考日本所流傳的北管音樂來源，發現這些音樂應來自廣東，至遲在光緒四年（明治十一年，1878）以前就已傳入日本，也即在此以前廣東也曾流傳過被稱為「北管」的音樂。經初步比較，台灣、福建、廣東三地的北管音樂仍大部分保有各自獨特的音樂內容，彼此間並無直接承襲關聯，此情況也說明了「北管」這一名稱，應是一個概念性的曲藝通名。本文也同時探討了北管在日本清樂中的流傳，證明了其對清樂的興起，也具有著一定的影響。

關鍵字

廣東音樂；北管音樂；日本清樂；曲牌

並列摘要

”Bei Guan”, a kind of traditional folk music, had been very popular in Taiwan. Previously, it was considered to be peculiar to Taiwan, however, it is been confirmed that Bei Guan also spreads in Guangzhou, Fujian China and Japan in recent years. The paper primarily researched the origin of Bei Guan music of Japan by means of analysis and comparison. The result is that we found the music derived from Guangdong, and Bei Guan music has been introduced to Japan no later than 1878. In other words, the music, which be known as ”Bei Guan”, also had spread over in Guangdong before 1878. In the preliminary comparison, it is established that Bei Guan music of Taiwan, Fujian and Guangdong still retain its unique music content and there is no sign of directly inherited association. That is, ”Bei Guan” must be a conceptual name of Chinese folk art forms. The research reviews the spreading of Bei Guan in Japan Qing Yue (Japanese music originating from Qing dynasty) as well, and it proves that Bei Guan has certain influence on the rise of Qing Yue.