文本生成及哲學性分析探討尼采的一個標題

本文從文本生成學批評的角度，分析尼采所著的《人性的，太人性的》中一則格言的生成過程。除了與尼采童年記憶裏父親之死相關，此格言顯示出作品中頗具特色的敘事結構。從尼采的生平傳記與文學的層面討論格言生成的過程後，筆者將進一步說明尼采的格言與柏拉圖哲學之間的關聯性。最後，尼采以「然而」這個副詞和兩個長破折號為此書作結，使敘事內容與意義持續被懸置，將完成意義的任務留給讀者。尼采為了一切人又不為任何人寫下《人性的，太人性的》，是因為他認為每位讀者依據其不同的文化程度，將對於他的作品都有著不同程度的理解。

關鍵字

文本生成學批評；尼采；《人性的，太人性的》；格言；「然而」

並列摘要

This paper analyzes the genesis of an aphorism in Nietzsche's Things Human, All Too Human in light of genetic criticism. The philosophical work is characterized for its use of an aphorism which concerns the death of Nietzsche's father. I explore the significance of the aphorism from Nietzsche's biography, some literary aspects of his writing as well as a philosophical reference to Plato's works. In the first part, I will show the intertextual references in Nietzsche's Things Human, All Too Human. Moreover, I argue that Nietzsche suspended the meaning of a sentence by leaving the reader the task of completing it with the use an adversative, trotzdem, which is followed by two Gedankenstriche, two em dashes, to end the narrative. Writing for everyone and for no one, the philosopher shows different levels of comprehension corresponding to different degrees of culture.