排球前后排扣球之運動學分析

A Kinematic Analysis of the Volleyball Front and Back Spikes

趙國斌 ； 黃長福

《體育學報》 17期 (1994/08) Pp. 243-254

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0017.199408.2917

摘要

排球比賽時扣球是獲勝最有力手段，可使對手處於被動狀態，增加獲勝機率。本研究的目的，是用攝影法分析六名大學排球員（身高178.6±5.9cm、體重75.3±7.5kg、年齡20歲）在前、後排扣球的二度空間運動學參數是否有差異？包括1.助跑期下肢踏入角度、最後一步步幅及助跑末速。2.起跳期的下蹲、起跳角度及起跳身體重心速度。3.空中期起跳離地到扣球時身體重心位移、球離手角度及速度。
本研究採用速度30Hz的攝影機距受試者12公尺，拍攝及記錄全程動作過程。用影片控制器、影片編輯器及486個人電腦來分析影片，並用低頻濾波法修勻原始座標資料，修勻後的資料用FORTRAN電腦程式軟體計算運動學參數。
資料處理採用重覆量數t考驗，比較前、後排扣球的差異。結果如下：
1.助跑期：下肢踏入角度、最後一步步幅，前排扣球均大於後排扣球。助跑末速，前排扣球小於後排扣球。
2.起跳期：踝關節、膝關節、髖關節在下蹲、起跳的角度和起跳時身體重心的水平、垂直和其合速度，前排扣球均小於後排扣球。
3.在空中期中：起跳離地到扣球時身體重心位移、扣球後的球離手速度及角度，前排扣球均大於後排扣球。
本研究結果，可提供體育敎師及敎練於敎學、訓練的參考。

關鍵字

排球扣球 ； 運動學 ； 生物力學

並列摘要

In volleyball game, the spiking is the most offensive weapon which can increase the winning percentage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic differences between the volleyball front (FS) and back (BS) spikes. Six collegiate volleyball players served as the subjects. Their mean height, weight, and age were 178.6±5.9cm, 75.3±7.5kg, and 20 years respectively. The following variables were investigated: (1) the leg angles, last stride length, and the final velocity of the body center of gravity (CG) during the approach (2) the hip, knee, and hip angles during the crouch and at takeoff and the velocity of body CG at takeoff (3) the vertical displacement of body CG, ball release angles and velocities at spiking.
One JVC GF-S 500 video camera operating at 30Hz was positioned perpendicular 12m to the line of motion to record the spiking action. One BCD-5000 video controller, one Panasonic AG-7750 video recorder and one 486 PC were used to digitize the data. The raw data was smoothed by using the fourth order Butterworth low pass filter. A FORTRAN program was written to calculate the kinematic variables. A paired t-test was used to test the significance at.05 level.
The results are listed following: (1) During the approach, the FS had greater leg angle and stride length than the BS, the FS also had smaller final velocity of body CG than the BS. (2) The FS had smaller ankle, knee and hip angles than the BS during the crouch and at takeoff, the FS also had smaller horizontal, vertical, and resultant velocities than the BS at takeoff. (3) The FS had greater vertical displacement of body CG, ball release velocity, and ball release angle than the BS at spiking. The results of this study can be used by teacher and coach to improve the training methods on volleyball spiking.

並列關鍵字

Volleyball Spike ； Kinematics ； Biomechanics