排球運動發展至今,選手的力量與速度已是決定比賽勝負的關鍵因素,然而1999年規則的重大改變,更使扣球進攻成為球隊得分最主要的戰術,整個國際趨勢亦演變為以攻擊為主軸的比賽型態。強調快節奏與大角度移位的打法,趨使攻擊戰術更多元,更變幻莫測,更值得我們作進一步深入研究。因此,本研究即針對四號位的長攻直線扣球,以三維攝影分析法進行運動學的分析,希望能提升攻擊手扣球的威力。 本研究以二部高速攝影機(120Hz)拍攝受試者直線扣球的動作,以直接線性轉換(DLT)公式求得其三維座標,再計算出各項運動學參數。受試者為全國高中男子甲組排球聯賽冠軍的選手16位(平均身高180.7cm、體重70.7kg),將受試者分為優秀選手與非優秀選手二組各8名,以獨立樣本t考驗檢定二組受試者在各項動作的參數上,是否有顯著差異。此外,跳躍高度、擊球高度與擊球後球速是排球扣球技術最重要的指標,故另以皮爾遜積差相關分別探討與其相關的運動學參數。 本研究得到以下結果: 一、優秀選手與非優秀選手在離地瞬間重心垂直速度、跳躍高度、擊球 點高度、手肘合速度、擊球角度以及擊球後球速等參數上,呈現顯著差異。 二、本研究之16位受試者,跳躍高度與擊球後球速、離地瞬間重心垂直 速度、重心最低點二腳膝關節與踝關節彎曲角度等參數,皆呈現顯著相關;擊球後球速與擊球角度、手臂各肢點(指尖、腕、肘、肩)之合速度、肘關節角速度、肘關節最小角度,以及跳躍高度等參數,均呈顯著相關。 根據研究結果,我們可以得知優秀選手在跳躍高度、擊球高度與擊球後球速等三個扣球的關鍵因素,皆明顯優於非優秀選手。此外,我們可以亦可以針對與此三種關鍵因素呈現相關的動作參數,在訓練時對症下藥加強訓練,以提升選手扣球的技術。
The major changes in international volleyball rule on 1999 while emphasize spiking as an effective attacking weapon . Fast and powerful spiking has been a tactics for volleyball offense in competition . The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics differences between elite and average high school volleyball players when spike the ball down the line . In addition , the correlation among post-impact ball velocity , jump height and other kinematics variables will also be investigated . The method of this study was sixteen high school male volleyball players participated in this study . The subjects were divided into two groups: elite players and average players . Two Peak high-speed cameras (120Hz)were used to collect the players spiking action . Peak Motus system was used to analyze the 3D kinematics motion . The Independent t-test was used to test the kinematics difference between two groups . Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the jump height and post-impact ball velocity with other kinematics variables . The results of this study were described followed: 1.The vertical velocity of body’s CG at takeoff , jump height, impact height, impact angle, and ball-release velocity were significant difference between elite players and average players. 2.For the sixteen subjects, there were significant correlation among the vertical velocity of body CG at takeoff , ankle and knee angle when body CG at lowest point , and post-impact ball velocity with jump height. 3.For the sixteen subjects, there were significant correlation among the impact angle, arm-striking velocity, elbow peak angular velocity, impact elbow angle, and jump height with post-impact ball velocity.