蹲踞起跑不同起跑板角度之生物力學分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Crouch Start with Different Block Angles

簡鴻玟(Hung-Wen Jian)

《體育學報》 18期 (1994/12) Pp. 171-182

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0018.199412.3416

摘要

本文主要目的在於研究三位優秀短跑女選手利用40°、45°、50°、55°及60°等前後起跑板角度組合的蹲踞起跑動作過程中，受試者身體重心的速度、衝量及起跑效益等變數，並探討對選手較爲有利的前後起跑板角度組合。
在三十公尺長人工跑道的起跑線上架設兩台測力板，分別蒐集受試者在起跑動作時，雙手前腿及後腿對地面蹬地作用的力量，以攝影機所攝取的影片量化後取得運動學資料。結果經分析討論，以蹬離起跑板瞬間身體重心的水平動量和起跑動作的總衝量的比值爲依據，建議受試者採用較爲省力又能發揮得宜的前後起跑板角度組合。結果顯示，受試者1是以前起跑板50°後起跑板50°的組合、受試者2是以前起跑板45°後起跑板50°的組合、受試者3是以前起跑板55°後起跑板55°的組合，從事起跑練習或比賽，對其較爲有利。

關鍵字

起跑 ； 短距離 ； 田徑 ； 運動生物力學

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were (1) to explain the various velocity of the center of gravity of a body and force-time from push to take-off by useing the different starting blocks with their front and rear block angles of 40°,45°,50°,55°and 60°. (2) to explain the starting benefit and to inquire into the best component of the front and rear block angle for three female sprinters by examining the horizontal of momentum devided by the horizontal impulse.
Two separate force plates sampling at rate of 250HZ were used to record the performance of a sprinter's legs before they took off the front and rear starting block. One camera filming at rate of 60HZ was used to record the starting performance. Based on the results and discussions, this study concluded as follows: (1) the best starting block for subject A who practices or participates in a game was a combination of block angles of 50°. (2) for subject B was a block with its front block of45°and the rear block with 50°. (3) for subject C was a block with its front block and its rear block of 55°.

並列關鍵字

Start ； Sprint ； Track & Field ； Sports Biomechanics