關節自由度對間斷動作表現的影響：個案研究

The Effect of Articular Degrees of Freedom on Performance of A Discrete Movement: A Case Study

黃鱗棋(Lin-Chi Huang) ； 卓俊伶(Jun-Ling Jwo)

《體育學報》 25期 (1998/07) Pp. 229-237

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0025.199807.2924

摘要

人體的四肢是藉由多肢段連結所組成，在日常生活中，人類必須適當的控制與協調這些肢段間所產生的自由度，才能夠達到所要的動作表現。在學習的過程中自由度掌控的問題會影嚮動作表現的品質。本研究的問題是：在一項新間斷動作的練習過程中藉由人為的因素操弄自由度，是否會影嚮動作的表現？本研究採單一受試研究法中之A-B-A實驗設計，實驗參加者為一位成年男性進行間斷動作——飛鏢的投擲實驗，自變項為肩關節的自由度；依變項為飛鏢投擲的動作結果得分。實驗參加者從開始以自然姿努投擲50次(A1)之後，在固定肩關節的情況下投擲100次(B)，之後撤回自變項，恢復飛鏢投擲的自然姿勢繼續50次職(A2)的飛標投擲，實驗過程中總計投擲飛鏢200次。以這三個階段(A-B-A)中各區間得分平均值作比較。以曲線圖與視覺分析摘要表進行分析後，結果顯示：在階段A1時的得分呈現一穩定的狀態；當進入階段B時，得分則呈現正面的變化並在階段末期保持穩定的狀態；進入階段A2時，得分沒有大的變動，依然保持階段B時的水準。結果支持在新間斷動作的練習過程中，藉由人為的操弄自由度，使必須掌控自由度減少，進而使學習者達到較佳的動作表現。

關鍵字

自由度 ； 協調 ； A-B-A設計

並列摘要

The limbs of the human are composed by several segments that make task perfomance possible. In daily life, human have to properly control and coordinate many degrees of freedom that produce by interlimbs and intersegments to achieve performance goal. The many problems of handling degrees of freedom, coordination, during the learning procedure will affect the movement performance. If the degrees of freedom were manipulated during the learning process of a new discrete movement, will it affect the movement performance? A-B-A design of Single Subject Research technique was utilized. Participant (N=1, age=24) practiced a dart throwing with non-dominant arm as a novel task. Degrees of freedom of the non-dominant arm were the independent variable and the performance outcome, in terms of movement accuracy, was the dependent variable. With three blocks contain 200 throwing trails, 50 trails of natural throwing form (Al); 100 trails of the throwing form with stabilizing the degrees of freedom at shoulder (B); and 50 trails of natural throwing form again (A2). Results showed that scores of blocks in Al kept steady; in block B the scores showed a positive change, and kept stable until end of block B; in A2 the scores kept the level as B, and didn’t have much change. Overall, the findings supported the hypothesis that by reducing the degrees of freedom during the learning process of a new discrete movement improves the motor performance.

並列關鍵字

Degrees of freedom ； Coordination ； A-B-A design