不同等級選手單杠大回環鞭打振浪動作之運動學比較分析

Kinematic Analysis of Leg Beat Action during Giant Swing Backward in Horizontal Bar of different Level Gymnasts

陳金鼓(Chin-Ku Chen) ； 陳嘉遠(Jia-Yean Chen) ； 趙峻郁(In-Ye Chao) ； 劉宇(Ye Liou)

《體育學報》 27期 (1999/09) Pp. 147-154

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0027.199909.2216

摘要

本研究利用二部高速攝影機(Panasonic 5 100 HS)同步拍攝1997年中華汽車盃國際體操邀請賽男子單槓冠軍國際級選手(S1)索蘇亞•羅馬(Zozuiya Roman)及國家級選手(S2)管雄芬等二人在單槓大迴環鞭打振浪動作之過程。
研究主要目的是探討單槓正握向後大迴環鞭打振浪動作的運動學影響因素，並將各階段運動學參數進行分析比較，探討二者之問的差異，以瞭解我國選手技術現況與方向，將所得結果提供予教練和選手訓練上之依據。以12個肢段17個關節點的人體模型實施3D的運動學分析，並將動作分成6個位置和5個階段，經過分析與探討，其結果如下：
（一）單槓正握向後大迴環鞭打振浪動作的運動學影響因素為第三、四、五位置的肩關節與髖關節角度。
（二）國際級和國家級兩位選手在正握向後大迴環動作，第一階段（槓上倒立向後大迴環至槓下懸垂）的動作相似，沒有明顯差異。
（三）第三位置（槓上倒立）國際級選手(S1)的肩、髖關節角度以及重心燒槓運動迴環半徑明顯小於國家級選手(S2)，說明S1選手明顯地出現屈肩收髖預備蓋浪之體勢。
（四）在第四位置（槓後水平面）S1選手的肩髖角是由屈曲快速變成伸展，第五位置後，藉屈肩收髖來縮短迴環半徑，加快迴環速度；S2選手未明顯地利用肩髖角的屈伸變化來實施鞭打振浪技術，其動作類似一般大迴環。
（五）由上述(三)、(四)兩點可以歸納出國際籍選手和國家級選手最大差異是在第三、四、五位置的動作過程中，國際級選手能夠充分的利用挺身、弓背、沉肩和兜腿實施鞭打振浪動作；而國家級選手的上述動作特點不明顯，未能表現鞭打振浪動作之節奏。

關鍵字

體操 ； 單杠 ； 鞭打振浪動作 ； 運動學

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic factors influencing Leg Beat Action during Giant Swing Backward in Horizontal Bar and to compare the differences between international (Subject 1, S1) and national level (Subject 2, S2) gymnasts. 3D kinematic data were collected during final, competition of horizontal bar in 1997 International China Motor Cup Gymnastics Meeting by using Peak Performance 3D Motion Analysis System (60Hz). The Giant Swing Backward in horizontal bar was divided into 6 positions and 5 phases. The 12-segments human body model war adopted and 17 landmarks were digitized to conduct kinematic analysis. The results were following:
1. The kinematic influencing factors of leg beat action during giant swing backward in horizontal bar according to present results were angles of shoulders and hips at position 3, position 4 and position 5.
2. The movements performed by international level gymnast (SI) and national level gymnast (S2) during first phase (from handstand position to hang-up position at vertical line in first circle) were similar.
3. Si showed significant shorter rotation radius of c.g. around the bar and lower values of shoulder and hip angles at third position (handstand on vertical position in second circle) than S2 indicate that S1 well prepared to accelerate the beat action by flexion shoulder and hip.
4. Si stretched his shoulder and hip quickly at fourth position, and after through fifth position, he flexed the shoulder and hip joints to shorten the radius of rotation in order to accelerate the rotation velocity during leg beat action. S2 did not use the changes of joint angle to conduct the technique of leg beat action.
5. The important differences between S1 and S2 was that S1 performed the leg beat action of over grip giant swing through dynamic changes of body posture throughout 3, 4, 5 position. Instead of leg beat action, the rotation movement of S2 was stable and no significant tempo were showed, it looks like a normal giant swing.

並列關鍵字

Gymnastics ； Horizontal Bar ； Leg Beat Action ； Kinematic