雙槓大迴環團身後空翻二周成掛臂(Belle)之運動學比較研究

The kinematics analysis of Belle action in two elite gymnasts

簡偉全(Wei-chung Chien)

指導教授 ： 王金成 ； 王宗吉

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2002年)

摘要

摘 要
本研究主要針對兩位優秀體操選手Belle動作之基本運動學參數作分析；兩位選手中一位為國內選手，另一位為國外選手且曾在2002世界競技體操賽獲得第四名。並且根據動作時機的不同，本研究把Belle動作過程分為五個位置，依序為：倒立、身體呈水平、懸垂、脫手瞬間及接槓瞬間。也希望藉由兩位選手之間的比較，能找出之間的差異並進一步改善我國選手的成績。一台DV攝影機（60Hz）用來記錄動作過程，再以APAS動作分析系統來處理資料，且以數位濾波（Digital Filter）6Hz來對原始資料進行修勻。研究結果如下：
一、由「倒立」大迴環至「懸垂位置」，國外選手和國內選手的動作無明顯差異。
二、在「脫手瞬間」，國外選手的身體重心高度較低，但其脫手速度卻較大；故國外選手的騰空高度較高。而這可能歸因於國外選手在脫手時會強而有力地縮小肩關節和髖關節。
三、國外選手在「騰空階段」團屈時，肩及髖關節的角度皆較小，而如此可減少身體轉動慣量及加速身體旋轉，有利於下一個動作的實施。
四、在「接槓瞬間」，國外選手之髖關節角度為112度，顯著地大於我國選手（約為78度），故可知國外選手在接槓時身體呈充分伸展狀態，如此將使接槓後身體轉動速度不至太快，較利於下一個動作的實行。
自1896年雙槓納入奧運正式比賽項目以來，Belle動作已是現今雙槓項目的動作趨勢，因其實施難度較高，可為選手帶來較多的動作加分作用，故建議選手加強練習Belle動作，並確實掌握其實施技巧，才能將Belle動作完美呈現，獲得高分。最後建議，我國選手應多注意離槓時、騰空期及接槓時的肩及髖關節角度。

關鍵字

雙槓 ； 大迴環 ； Belle

並列摘要

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics variables of the Belle action of two elite gymnasts（one is Taiwanese, the other is a foreigner gymnast who was the fourth prize winner of 2002 World Artistic Gymnastic Championships）. According to the timing of each motion drills, the Belle action was divided into five positions: handstand position, horizontal position, hang position, taking off position, and contacting bar position. By the comparison, we hope it could improve the Belle performance of domestic gymnasts. One DV camera（60Hz）was used to record the movement, and the collected data were processed by APAS and smoothed by Digital Filter with 6 Hz cut-off frequency. The result was showed as below:
1.There was no significant difference between the two gymnasts during the giant-swing by handstand and hang phases.
2.At take off, the height of foreigner gymnast was lower than Taiwanese, however whose release velocity was greater. By this, the flight height of the foreigner athlete was higher than the Taiwanese athlete. This result could be due to more powerful contraction of shoulder and hand muscle in the foreigner athlete.
3.The angles of shoulder and hip in the foreigner were lesser than the Taiwanese gymnastic during flight phase. This made more rapidly rotation of the body and lesser rotation inertia. These could rapidly complete the rotation and spare more time to do the next movement. .
4.The angle of hip of the foreigner athlete at contacting bar was 112 degrees, which was obviously greater than that in the Taiwanese athlete. The more extension of body, the larger the rotation radius and inertia. It could make rotation slower and spare more time to do the next movement.
Belle had become in the item of “parallel bars” since 1896 Parallel bars has been taken as the formal item in the Olympics Games. Because it is highly complex, the gymnast could get higher point with it. But this needs more practice and relative researches to make the Belle performance better. By the conclusion, the Taiwanese gymnasts should modify the angle of hip during the take off, flight and “contacting bar” phases.

並列關鍵字

parallel bars ； giant swing ； Belle

參考文獻

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