前刺激速度對兒童的一致性預期時宜反應之影響

執行截斷動作（interceptive movement）時，十分仰賴外來刺激速度的判斷和配合，而其變也也干擾著表現。在所產生的干擾中，同化效果是指反應會傾向與前一個速度下的反應一致；延伸效果是指被偏頗的反應中，慢的刺激速度會被高估，快是被低估。本研究以時宜按鍵操作，探討前刺激速度對小學五年級兒童預期時宜表現的影響。結果發現，四組（每組七人）參加受試的兒童中，接受2,4mph等較慢前刺激速度的組別，在面臨7mph刺激速度時，動作發起時間較慢；時宜反應也較接受7mph先前刺激速度的組別還晚，且較不準確。而在進行2mph刺激速度操作時，接受不同前刺激速度的各組表現則無顯著的差異。研究結果顯示在兒童一致性預期時宜表現中出現同化效果和延伸效果，可見這兩種來自前後刺激速度安排而造成的背景干擾效果，是造成反應複雜度的因素之一。

關鍵字

一致性預期時宜；同化效果；延伸效果；背景效果

並列摘要

Interceptive tasks, which rely on the judgment and the coordination to standard stimuli, are often biased by the velocity of external stimuli. Two of the interference are termed assimilation effect and range effect. The former means subjects tend to respond in the direction of a prior stimulus intensity; the latter means subjects overestimate smaller stimulus intensity and underestimate larger stimulus intensity. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of preceding movement velocity on the response structure and the accuracy on coincidence anticipation timing performance of fifth grade children. There are 28 participants who were divided into four groups. ANOVAs of initiation time (INT), constant error (CE) and absolute error (AE) showed significant with INT, CE and AE during 7mph tests. Post Hoc tests indicated that the group who received 2mph and 4mph pre-stimuli had slower INT, slower CE and larger AE than the groups who received 6mph and 7mph pre-stimuli. However, no significant difference existed during 2mph test. This study shows that assimilation effect and range effect appears in the performance of children doing CAT tasks, and that the two effects which are brought about by previous stimulus velocity contribute to the complexity of performance.

並列關鍵字

Coincident anticipation timing ； assimilation effect ； range effect ； context effect

參考文獻

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