日治時期臺灣學校女子體育補遺（1895－1945年）

Asupplementary study of Taiwanese women's school physical education in the colonial era (1895-1945)

金湘斌(Hsiang-Pin Chin)

《體育學報》 53卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 263-286

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.202009_53(3).0001

摘要

緒論：本研究旨試圖從「纏足／解纏足下的女子體育」、「天然足世代下的女子體育」、「皇國民鍊成下的女子體育」三個主軸，探究日治時期臺灣學校女子體育發展脈絡。方法：採歷史研究法，蒐羅1895－1945年間的女子體育相關史料進行考察，進而理解日本殖民者如何透過學校體育對臺灣女性進行身體形塑。結果：日本殖民者在開展臺灣學校女子體育與身體改造工程之初，雖一開始受纏足慣習影響，但隨著女學生解纏足與天然足率的攀升，加上殖民者的勵行，使得女子體育逐漸擺脫纏足的影響力。當迎來天然足世代後，臺灣女性享受著解纏足運動的果實，並可在校園中從事各項體育活動，甚至參與競技運動，但同時卻又落入仿效「日本人女性」的身體框架。另隨著戰爭時局爆發，在皇國民鍊成的口號下，體力向上與國防體育已成主軸，身體亦成皇國重要資產，致使女子體育淪為鍛鍊皇國健兒的手段。結論：在日治時期臺灣學校女子體育的歷史脈絡中，似乎可洞悉從中國傳統儒教思想觀念之「賢妻良母」移轉成日本近代國家國民規範之「良妻賢母」再移轉至戰時體制皇國民鍊成下之「皇國健兒」的變遷過程，且各階段對身體加工皆賦予不同的身體機能意義，但結局仍無法擺脫日本殖民統治藉體育對身體進行規格化之歷程。

關鍵字

日治時期 ； 皇國民鍊成 ； 纏足 ； 體操科 ； 體鍊科

並列摘要

Introduction: This research focused on three main topics: ＂women's physical education under foot-binding and foot binding liberation＂, ＂women's physical education of natural feet＂, and ＂women's physical education in the becoming of imperial citizen＂ to explore the developing context of women's school physical education in colonial Taiwan. Method: This research applied a historical method to analyze and investigate related historical materials of women's physical education during 1895-1945, to understand how the Japanese colonizers cultivated and shaped the bodies of Taiwanese women through school physical education. Results: The Japanese colonizers faced the challenge of the custom of foot binding when implementing women's physical education and body engineering in Taiwan. However, with the promotion of foot binding liberation and the rise of natural feet in the population, women's physical education gradually stepped out of the shadow of foot binding. With the arrival of a generation with natural feet, Taiwanese women were able to enjoy the success of the foot binding liberation movement. They were able to participate in all kinds of physical activities and even competitive sports, while still falling into the framework of ＂Japanese women＂. Meanwhile, with the outbreak of the Pacific War, the improvement of physique and physical education for national defense became the main focus under the process of becoming Imperial citizens. The body thus turned into an important asset for the Japanese Empire, and women's physical education became solely the means for training to serve the Empire. Conclusion: In the historical context of Taiwan women's physical education, we find the transition from ＂dutiful wife and loving mother＂ under traditional Chinese Confucianism, to ＂good wife and devoted mother＂ in the nation-state of modern Japan, and to the ＂imperial valiant warrior＂ during wartime. The body has been given different meaning and purposes in each of these periods, yet the control and standardization towards the body under colonial governance was always present.

並列關鍵字

Japanese colonial era ； kominka training ； foot binding ； taisou-ka ； tairen-ka

參考文獻

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