以CFD軟體進行大甲溪水力發電廠火災模擬研究

電力為日常生活中不可或缺的重要公共設施，在用電量與日俱增且環保意識高漲的今日，水力的低汙染的發電方式仍是人類電力來源不可或缺的一環。一般之水力發電廠多屬於地下建築，當火災發生時在逃生上會比較困難，故以此案例進行火災模擬，並探討可能的改善方案。本研究是利用計算流體力學（CFD）之火災動力學模擬器（FDS）軟體，進行台灣大甲溪水力發電廠機組之火災事故模擬。由於無法取得官方設計資料及設備細部資訊，本研究參考相關文獻自行繪製出1：1全尺寸模型，藉由CFD之3D動態模擬，呈現出火場中一氧化碳濃度、氧氣濃度及溫度變化所造成之危害和煙層擴散情形，藉以探討火災發生時產生的煙害對人員逃生時之影響，並提出各種改善建議，以期能應用於實際火災預防。由研究結果顯示，防火閘門相較其他改善方式較為經濟且較具有顯著效用之方法，建議在有發生火災風險的區域場所設置防火閘門，在火災發生後能有效防止火勢範圍的擴大，以降低火災所造成的人員及財產損失。

關鍵字

計算流體力學；火災動力學模擬器；火災預防；煙層擴散；防火閘門

並列摘要

Power is essential to our daily lives. Under the continuous increasing of power consumption and environmental consciousness, the method of hydroelectric power plant with low pollution method is still the essential part of power generation for human beings. Common hydraulic power plants belong to underground construction, they are more difficult for escaping when a fire occurs; therefore, probable improving methods were investigated via fire simulation. This study employed the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) software to conduct a fire simulation of the power generation unit at the Dajia Creek Hydraulic Power Plant. Owing to lack of official design information and detailed equipment information, this study utilized reference literature to draw a 1:1 full-size model. By using the 3D dynamic simulation results of CFD to show the fire hazard of CO concentration, oxygen deficiency and temperature variation, and the smoke dispersing condition, one can investigate the influence of smoke produced by fire and its impact on personnel escape. Various recommendations of improvement can be proposed via this method and to employ in practical fire preventing application. The study results show that install extendable fire door or fire damper is a more economical way and has a more significant effect as compared with the other methods of improvement. It is suggested to set the extendable fire door or fire damper at the higher fire risk area in order to effectively prevent the expansion of the fire scope and to reduce the fire caused damage to persons and properties.