大里民宅火場熱流場模式數值模擬

Fire Field Model Simulation and Analysis for a Residential Fire in Ta-Li City

林俊良(Jun-Liang Lin)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2007.00104

摘要

台灣的人口密度每平方英里1,583人，世界排名高居第九位，高的人口密度也相對造就出高居住密度，根據消防署歷年統計資料顯示，台灣地區95年火災發生次數為4,332次，因火災死亡人數125人，根據內政部統計通報進一步分析火災發生處所，按火災類別區分，以建築物火災發生2,093次占62.13％最多，再進一步探討建築物火災，又以住宅火災1,324次占63.26％最多，台灣早期老舊透天式住宅在法規上並無防火安全及逃生通道上的強制規定，防火安全為最弱之一環，也因此一旦發生火災，所造成的傷亡率也一如其密度一般居高不下。
本研究是以大里市透天民宅為研究對象，利用「FDS」軟體來分析火場，透過電腦以場模式來模擬火場中之物理現象，軟體的核心是 Navier-Stokes 方程組，用於解析熱驅動的低速流場，著重在煙流與熱傳遞現象，針對上層溫度、氣層高度及CO氣體濃度的變化，探討相關參數對火災的影響，研究結果期冀能對防火工程上有著參考價值。

關鍵字

場模式 ； 煙囪效應 ； 火災 ； 數值分析

並列摘要

Taiwan population density is 1,583 peoples per square mile which is the 9th high in the world, higher population density ofen accompany with higher residential density. According to National Fire Agency, MOI Statistical data, there were 125 persons dead within 4,332 times of fire accidents in Taiwan, 2006. MOI Statistical information made further analysis, a highest 62.13% of fire accidents(2,039 times) caused by the building fire prevention for old style buildings in early years of Taiwan, when residential fire occurred that always caused serious casualties, so that the research of residential fire is really important.
This thesis utilizes FDS field model to simulate the residential fire accident occurred in Ta-Li city. Computational method has been used to study the smoke flow and temperature distribution, gas layer hight and CO concentration in the fire site, the effect of parameters to the fire scenario has been discussed either. The results expect to be the reference for the design of fire fighting enginnering.

並列關鍵字

Field model ； Gas layer height ； CO concentration ； FDS

參考文獻

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