印刷業勞工鄰苯二甲酸酯類暴露評估研究

Exposure Assessment of Phthalate Esters for Workers in Printing Industry

劉香君(Hsiang-Chun Liu) ； 方澤沛(Jer-Pei Fong) ； 汪禧年(Shi-Nian Uang) ； 李聯雄(Lien-Hsiung Li) ； 陳秋蓉(Chiou-Jong Chen) ； 李俊璋(Ching-Chang Lee)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 20卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 326-341

https://doi.org/10.7005/JOSH.201209.0326

摘要

PAEs were widely added in printing ink as dispersing agents to increase quality of printing products. The aim of this study is to assess the exposure profiles of PAEs and the contributions of different exposure routes to total exposure for workers in printing industries. 31 male and 26 female workers in two printing plants were recruited as study subjects. Personal exposure to airborne PAEs, incuding di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate(BBzP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP), and urinary PAEs metabolites, including mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) and mono-nbutyl phthalate (MBP), were measured. Occupational exposure information and time activity pattern for all selected workers were collected by using a questionnaire-based investigation. For the male workers, the airborne DEHP concentration (0.5 μg/m^3 vs 0.3 μg/m^3, p＜0.05) and urinary MBP level (94.8 μg/g-Cre vs. 67.6 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05) of high-exposure workers (operator and packing) were significantly higher than those of low-exposure workers (administration and patrolling staffs). The post- and pre-shift urinary levels of PAEs metabolites of high-exposure male workers show significant differences: MBP( 94.8μg/g-Cre vs. 66.6μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), MEHP (14.0 μg/g-Cre vs. 5.9 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), MEOHP (39.0 μg/g-Cre vs. 15.9 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), MEHHP (85.4 μg/g-Cre vs. 32.7 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), and MECPP (69.7 μg/g-Cre vs. 27.9 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05). Furthermore, the dermal exposure of PAEs for the workers was estimated based on a daily intake assessment model. The results show that individual contributions of skin absorption of DBP and DEHP (DIskin) in high-concentration group are 55% and 51% to the total exposure of PAEs, respectively. It means the dermal exposure may be an important potential exposure route for printing workers. We concluded the airborne PAEs exposure was minor, but dermal PAEs exposure played an important route for the printing workers. Therefore, we suggest that the biological exposure index of PAEs (urinary PAEs metabolites) is more representative of the PAEs exposure profile of workers.

關鍵字

鄰苯二甲酸酯 ； 印刷業勞工 ； 尿液代謝物 ； 空氣暴露 ； 皮膚暴露

並列摘要

PAEs were widely added in printing ink as dispersing agents to increase quality of printing products. The aim of this study is to assess the exposure profiles of PAEs and the contributions of different exposure routes to total exposure for workers in printing industries. 31 male and 26 female workers in two printing plants were recruited as study subjects. Personal exposure to airborne PAEs, incuding di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate(BBzP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP), and urinary PAEs metabolites, including mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) and mono-nbutyl phthalate (MBP), were measured. Occupational exposure information and time activity pattern for all selected workers were collected by using a questionnaire-based investigation. For the male workers, the airborne DEHP concentration (0.5 μg/m^3 vs 0.3 μg/m^3, p＜0.05) and urinary MBP level (94.8 μg/g-Cre vs. 67.6 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05) of high-exposure workers (operator and packing) were significantly higher than those of low-exposure workers (administration and patrolling staffs). The post- and pre-shift urinary levels of PAEs metabolites of high-exposure male workers show significant differences: MBP( 94.8μg/g-Cre vs. 66.6μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), MEHP (14.0 μg/g-Cre vs. 5.9 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), MEOHP (39.0 μg/g-Cre vs. 15.9 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), MEHHP (85.4 μg/g-Cre vs. 32.7 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05), and MECPP (69.7 μg/g-Cre vs. 27.9 μg/g-Cre, p＜0.05). Furthermore, the dermal exposure of PAEs for the workers was estimated based on a daily intake assessment model. The results show that individual contributions of skin absorption of DBP and DEHP (DIskin) in high-concentration group are 55% and 51% to the total exposure of PAEs, respectively. It means the dermal exposure may be an important potential exposure route for printing workers. We concluded the airborne PAEs exposure was minor, but dermal PAEs exposure played an important route for the printing workers. Therefore, we suggest that the biological exposure index of PAEs (urinary PAEs metabolites) is more representative of the PAEs exposure profile of workers.

並列關鍵字

Phthalate esters ； Printing industry workers ； Airborne exposure ； Urinary metabolites ； Skin exposure

參考文獻

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