漢唐間官方山嶽祭祀的變遷－以祭祀場所的考察為中心

與其他的國家祭祀不同，那些重要山嶽的祭祀場所並不是唯一的，除了山嶽所在地之外，在京城也有祭祀的場所，這也是帝國時代山嶽崇拜同時具備地域性與超地域性的外在體現。為了在一個較長時段準確地把握山嶽祭祀場所的變化趨勢，本文將時間範圍選在了漢唐時代。我們發現漢唐之間山嶽所在地的祭祀場所日益官僚機構化，而在京城內，東漢初年郊祀制度建立之後，山嶽一直是北郊或方丘祭祀的重要從祀神，但得以進入北郊或方丘的具體山嶽卻時有變化，這些變化在很大程度上都受到了相應的歷史環境的制約。南北朝後期至隋唐，祭祀山嶽神靈的場合更多了，這很能體現山嶽崇拜在這一時期的重要性。

關鍵字

漢代；唐代；山嶽祭祀；祭祀場所

並列摘要

Different from other state sacrificial ceremonies, the official ritual spaces of the sacrifices offered to the important mountains were not simply restricted to the locality, but also distributed to other places, especially in the capital. The fact that the sacrificial spaces were not sole gave expression to the regionalism and super-regionalism both contained in the belief of mountains. To accurately grasp the tendency of the official sacrificial spaces in a long scale, I make a detailed inquiry about this problem between the Han and Tang Dynasties. During this period, while the local official sacrificial spaces were more bureaucratized, the deities of mountains, as a type of minor deities, were offered sacrifices in the northern suburban altar or the square altar in the capital after the suburban sacrifices were established in the first years of the Later Han Dynasty. The changes of the deities of mountains offered the sacrifice in the northern suburban altar or the square in the different dynasties were closely related to the different historical background. From the latter part of the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the deities of mountains were given sacrifices on more occasions.