誰的戰爭歷史？：金門戰史館的國族歷史vs.民間社會的集體記憶

Whose War History? Nationalist History of War Museum vs. Collective Memories of Folk Society in Battlefield Quemoy

江柏煒(Bo-Wei Chiang)

《民俗曲藝》 156期 (2007/06) Pp. 85-155

https://doi.org/10.30157/JCRTF.200706.0004

摘要

1949年以降，金門成為國共軍事對峙與世界冷戰衝突的前線，軍事統治下的社會控制及身心教化，壓抑了原來傳統宗族的社會力量，切斷了與海外僑居地的密切聯繫，直到1992年解除戰地政務為止，長達四十三年。在這段期間，除民間社會被高度動員，成為民防自衛的武裝力量外，各地更建立許多的精神地標，如戰史館、紀念碑等，以作為反共復國、軍事教化的意識形態工具。
本文旨在分析金門戰史館為主的文化展示與民間社會的集體記憶之分歧斷裂，以及在時空環境劇烈改變的今日，現有戰史館作為觀光資源之矛盾與困窘。首先，討論這些戰史館、戰役史蹟等教化機構，是在什麼樣的脈絡下被建構起來，其展示文本為何，又如何再現；接看將這些敘事結構與民間社會的集體記憶加以比對，以呈現不同主體的歷史詮釋，特別是國族歷史與個人歷史之間的衝突；最後指出，身處後冷戰時代、中國大陸觀光客到訪的當前，金門戰爭歷史書寫與文化展示的立場與可能性。

關鍵字

金門 ； 戰爭史 ； 國族主義 ； 集體記憶 ； 文化展示

並列摘要

From 1949 on, Quemoy became the battlefront between the warring Nationalists and Communists as well as the frontline between Cold War nations. Under military rule, social and thought control suppressed the community power of traditional clans and severed their connection with fellow countrymen living abroad. Up until 1992, for 43 long years, not only was civil society highly mobilized for military self-defense, many symbolic landmarks, such as war museums and monuments, were also built to encourage patriotism and to serve as the ideological tool for anti-Communism and military indoctrination.
This paper analyzes the break between the cultural exhibition of war museums and collective memories of local society in battlefield Quemoy. It also discusses how the war museum became an anachronistic embarrassment in the drastically changing circumstances. First, I will demonstrate the historical context from which these ideological institutions were constructed, what the exhibited texts are, and how they are presented. Secondly, I will compare the narrative texts from these institutions with the collective memories of local society to present interpretations of different subjects, especially the contradictions between national history and individual histories. Finally, I try to point out a possible new post-War perspective for historical writing and cultural exhibition of war museum in Quemoy that will accommodate the flourishing tourism business from PRC.

並列關鍵字

Quemoy ； war history ； nationalism ； collective memories ； cultural exhibition

參考文獻

金門縣政府(1992)。金門縣志。金門:

何喬遠。閩書。臺北:國家圖書館善本書庫藏。

顧祖禹。讀史方輿紀要。臺北:國家圖書館善本書庫藏。

王明珂(1993)。集體歷史記憶與族群認同。當代。91，6-19。

王禹廷(1987)。胡璉評傳。臺北:傳紀文學雜誌出版社。