主僕與制衡：江西石郵儺的傳衍

Subordination and Counterbalance: The Dissemination of Nuo in Shiyou Village, Jiangxi

王學文(Xue-Wen Wang)

《民俗曲藝》 169期 (2010/09) Pp. 147-182

https://doi.org/10.30157/JCRTF.201009.0004

摘要

南豐縣位於江西省東部，是南豐蜜桔的產地，儺文化在這一帶有着悠久的歷史。跳儺是這一帶鄉村春節期間的標誌性事件。但是，伴隨着現代化、城鎮化在中國鄉村社會的推進，南豐大部分的跳儺的外部呈現、內部結構與社會認知都在經歷着或主動或被動的篩選、編排、重塑或拋棄，深層的社會意義逐漸淡薄，娛樂表演性不斷增強。然而，也有這樣的村落－石郵村，固執地堅持着跳儺的時空界限、組織程式，通過年復一年的跳儺，展演和確認着鄉村的傳統秩序。本文主要考察石郵儺所體現出的特點，探討其傳衍的機制，指出在共同的儺神信仰下，疊合認同的主僕關係和充滿制衡的生活秩序是石郵儺在當下社會裡得以保持古樸、完整，而且內部充滿嚴格規定性的展演和傳承的原因。

關鍵字

石郵村 ； 儺文化 ； 生活秩序 ； 制衡 ； 民俗學主義

並列摘要

The Nanfeng Country, lying east of the Jiangxi Province and famous for its produce of tangerine, carries a nuo tradition that dated way back in history. Ritual performance of nuo is one significant festivity during the Spring Festival. However, with the modernization and urbanization in Chinese rural society, the internal structure and social recognition of the Nanfeng nuo ritual performance undergo voluntary and/or involuntary sifting, rearranging, re-formulation or riddance. While its social significance wears thinner, its recreational aspect is constantly being enhanced. On the other hand, such exception as found Shiyou Village also exists. Villagers here still follow the temporal and spatial boundaries as well as organizational patterns of the nuo ritual performance with persistence. Through annual demonstration, the rural traditional order is reaffirmed.
In this article, I investigate the features embodied in Shiyou nuo ritual performance; discuss its dissemination mechanism and point out that under a common nuo deity, the overlapped identification of subordination relationship and counterbalanced life order are reasons that allow Shiyou nuo ritual to preserve its archaism and originality while imposing strict regulations on its performances and dissemination.

並列關鍵字

Shiyou Village ； nuo ； the order of life ； counterbalance ； folklorism

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