「民歌」再思考：從《重返部落》談起

近幾年來，歷史錄音受到臺灣音樂學者的重視，部分歷史錄音也復刻重現，例如：2008年王櫻芬將1943年黑澤隆朝採集的原住民音樂錄音由黑膠唱片（1974年出版）復刻成CD，編輯出版。2010年，由臺灣音樂中心出版，吳榮順等學者整理1967年民歌採集隊於花蓮縣採集的阿美族音樂之錄音，復刻成CD並附在《重返部落•原音再現—許常惠教授歷史錄音經典曲集（一）花蓮縣阿美族音樂篇》（以下簡稱《重返部落》）一書。這兩套復刻CD使得我們可以重新檢視前輩學者在原住民音樂上的研究成果，王櫻芬將這樣的檢視稱為「再研究」，在她所著的《聽見殖民地：黑澤隆朝與戰時臺灣音樂調查（1943）》一書即從黑澤研究成果的再研究對臺灣音樂學這個學科進行反思（王櫻芬2008）。相較之下，《重返部落》着重的是資料的整理，並未進一步分析相關研究方法及理論。在這兩個復刻研究的啟發下，本文以對《重返部落》的再研究為基礎，進一步藉此反思臺灣的民歌研究。我將以書中譜例及該書所附之CD作為出發點，並比較1967年民歌採集錄音和1960年代原住民歌曲商業錄音。透過比較民歌採集運動相關的錄音、文字資料以及1960年代商業錄音，我將討論「民歌」和「流行歌」的關係，並審視「民歌研究」的「學術傳統」被如何建構，及這個學術傳統將來可能的發展方向。我將先討論「民歌採集運動」和1967年花蓮阿美族民歌採集錄音，然後我將回顧民歌研究在民族音樂學這個學門中的發展，最後透過議題的討論，省思臺灣民歌研究的過去與未來。

關鍵字

民歌；民歌採集運動；歷史錄音；原住民音樂；再研究

並列摘要

Taiwanese musicologists have paid attention to historical recordings these years, and some historical recordings have been reissued. For example, Kurosawa Takatomo's LP set of Taiwanese Aboriginal music (published in 1974) based on the results of his 1943 survey was reissued on CDs in 2008, along with the book Listening to the Colony: Kurosawa Takatomo and the Wartime Survey of Formosan Music (1943) by Wang Ying-fen. The recordings of Amis music made at Hualien in the Folksong Collection Movement in 1967 were reissued on a two-CD set, accompanying a book edited by Wu Rong-shun et al. and published by Taiwan Music Center in 2010. This book is titled ”Return to Tribal Villages/Representation of Sounds: Professor Hsu Tsang-houei's Classic Historical Recordings Collection 1: On Music of the Amis in Hualien County” (hereafter ”Return to Tribal Villages”). These CD sets allow us to examine the results of studies on Taiwanese Aboriginal music conducted by pioneer scholars. Wang Ying-fen calls this kind of examination ”restudy.” In her book Listening to the Colony, she deals with reflexivity issues in Taiwan's musicology based on a restudy of the results of Kurosawa's research. In contrast, as the accompaniment of the 1967 field recordings, the book ”Return to Tribal Villages” does not concern relevant theories and methodology; rather, authors of this book pay attention to gather and sort out materials related to the recordings. In this paper, I would like to restudy ”Return to Tribal Villages”, and, furthermore, to rethink folksong studies in Taiwan, based on this restudy. I will begin with musical examples in the book as well as the accompanying CDs, and compare the recordings of the 1967 Folksong Collection with commercial recordings issued in the 1960s. By so doing, I discuss relationships between ”folksong” and ”popular song,” examine the construction of scholarly tradition of folksong studies, and consider the possible development of this tradition in the future.