全球重要農業遺產系統的主體性與真實性建構：臺東池上水圳耕作區與花蓮壽豐河川地種植的案例分析

Constructing Subjectivity and Authenticity of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: Exemplified by Chishang Canal Cultivation Areas and Shoufeng Riverbed Farming

張育銓(Yu-Chuan Chang)

《民俗曲藝》 193期 (2016/09) Pp. 129-219

摘要

農業是許多地方文化特性的源頭，紮實地根植於土地，以人與土地長期磨合的地貌呈現出文化景觀、以人們的勞動與使用呈現出文化實踐。目前世界遺產中有關農業類別的登錄，以文化景觀與無形文化遺產為主，較缺乏文化系統與實踐的論述。全球重要農業遺產系統是動態的遺產建構，並且以一套完整的文化實踐進行傳承與持續活化，這項新的遺產類型有助於補充世界遺產對農業實踐論述的不足。在規劃與進行遺產管理之前，檢視遺產論述是重要的歷程，有助於勾勒出遺產概念的格局與未來發展，也有助於釐清發展的歷史脈絡與凝聚共識。本文採取田野調查與文獻分析法，透過「臺東池上水圳耕作區」的農田水利，說明遺產論述的主體性；透過「花蓮壽豐河川地種植」為何不再栽種無籽西瓜，說明遺產論述的真實性。本文以遺產與地方發展史的相互建構，釐清遺產論述中有關主體性與真實性的問題，透過對兩個案例現有遺產論述的分析，呈現鉅視與微觀上的不足，透過引介全球重要農業遺產系統的概念做為分析的新視野，期待對多元遺產類型進行探討時有更多據以分析的材料與概念。

關鍵字

農業遺產系統 ； 花蓮壽豐 ； 臺東池上 ； 遺產論述

並列摘要

Various local cultural features originate from agriculture and thus have strong connections with the land itself. The complex relationship between humans and the land has shaped unique terrains and cultural landscapes, whereas human labor and land use evolved into discrete cultural practices. Currently registered agricultural world heritage are primarily agricultural landscapes and intangible cultural heritage sites, yet there is little discourse regarding agricultural heritage systems and practices. The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) is a dynamic heritage conservation initiative adopting a comprehensive set of cultural practices for sustainable agriculture and land development. Therefore, investigating this evolution of heritage sites fills the lack of discourse on agricultural practices. Before planning and implementing heritage practices, examining the discourse on agricultural heritage is crucial because it influences the scope and potential development of the heritage concept. Fieldwork and literature analysis were adopted in this study to investigate locations in Eastern Taiwan. In this study, the irrigation system in the Taitung cultivation area, which flows via the Chishang channel, was investigated to demonstrate the subjectivity of heritage discourse. Using the discontinued cultivation of seedless watermelons in the riverbed farms of Shoufeng, Hualien as an example, this study discussed the authenticity of heritage discourse. By investigating the construction of heritage sites and the history of local development, the subjectivity and authenticity problems associated with heritage discourse is clarified. Thus, this study outlines a pathway for Taiwan to participate in GIAHS-related discussions.

並列關鍵字

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) ； Shoufeng (Hualien) ； Chishang (Taitung) ； heritage discourse

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