台灣地區成年人居住區域別對體適能狀態的影響

Effects of Residence on Physical Fitness among Adults in Taiwan

林季蓉(Jih-Rong Lin) ； 林瀛洲(Yin-Chou Lin) ； 賴政秀(Cheng-Hsiu Lai) ； 郭家驊(Chia-Hua Kuo) ； 周適偉(Shih-Wei Chou) ； 黃美涓(Alice M. K. Wong)

《台灣復健醫學雜誌》 35卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 145-151

https://doi.org/10.6315/2007.35(3)03

摘要

健康體適能包含四項基本生理指標：身體組成、肌力及肌耐力、柔軟度與心肺耐力。在不同的居住環境，由於生活型態、飲食習慣等因素，可能影響體適能的表現。本研究的目的為探討台灣地區成年人在不同居住區域間體適能狀態的差異。研究計劃執行自民國91年4月至11月止，檢測對象為18至65歲成年人。以城鄉區分明顯的縣市分為都市組（台北市及高雄市）、鄉村組（雲林縣、嘉義縣市與台南縣市）與東部組（宜蘭縣、花蓮縣及台東縣）三組，共19,638人。在同年齡層與同性別的條件下，作三組間的比較分析。
結果顯示各年齡層女性之身體質量指數在40-49歲及50-65歲之都市組最低，肌力及肌耐力以鄉村組最差，柔軟度則無明顯區域性差異。各年齡層男性之身體質量指數以東部組最高，肌力及肌耐力鄉村組最差，而心肺耐力在30-39歲及40-49歲間之都市組表現最差。
住在高度都市化發展的區域居民，可能飲食資源較為豐富而且比較重視養生或均衡的營養，所以身體質量指數在都市組較好，但是由於坐式生活或工作方式，反而造成青壯年的心肺耐力表現最差。另外住在鄉村的居民雖然工作上可能較耗損體力，但是勞動並不等於運動，鄉村組肌力及肌耐力表現反而最差。

關鍵字

城鄉 ； 體適能

並列摘要

Health-related physical fitness can be assessed using four principal attributes: body composition; muscular strength and endurance; flexibility; and cardiorespiratory endurance. Factors such as the lifestyle behaviors or dietetic habits can affect physical fitness. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in physical fitness among adults residing in different areas of Taiwan. The study was conducted between April and November 2002. In total, 19638 subjects aged 18-65 years were recruited and divided into the following three groups: (1) urban group (subjects living in Taipei and Kaohsiung City); (2) rural group (subjects living in Yunlin County, Chiayi County, Chiayi City, Tainan County and Tainan City); and, (3) eastern group (subjects living in Yilan, Hualien and Taitung County). Comparative analysis was performed for the three groups under the same conditions of age and sex.
Analytical results indicated that women aged 40-49 and 50-65 years in the urban group had the lowest body mass index. Females in the rural group at all age level had the poorest muscular strength and endurance. However, no obvious differences existed in flexibility among the three groups for females. Males aged 30-39, 40-49 and 50-65 years in the eastern group had the highest body mass index, and males in the rural group had the poorest muscular strength and endurance. In the urban group, men aged 30-39 and 40-49 years had the worst cardiorespiratory endurance.
Residents living in highly urbanized cities may have rich diet resources and likely have increased awareness of the importance of good health and balanced nutrition, thereby explaining why subjects in the urban group had the best body mass index. A sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise leads to reduced cardiorespiratory endurance. Residents in the rural group exert more physical strength for their labor work; however, labor is not the equivalent of exercise. Notably, subjects in the rural group had the poorest muscular strength and endurance.

並列關鍵字

urban-rural ； physical fitness